Cancer mRNA vaccines: clinical application progress and challenges

IF 9.1 1区医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY

Cancer letters Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI:10.1016/j.canlet.2025.217752

Hang Li , Lang Min , Haotian Du , Xiawei Wei , Aiping Tong

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have emerged as one of the most promising and rapidly evolving immunotherapeutic approaches due to their ease of production, demonstrated clinical efficacy, and high safety. The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) pandemic has showcased the remarkable therapeutic potential of mRNA vaccines, prompting researchers to explore their use for cancer treatment. Preclinical studies and human clinical trials have indicated their substantial clinical applicability. However, current research faces several challenges, including the complexity of tumor antigen selection, vaccine stability, and the development of resistance. This review summarizes the optimization strategies for cancer mRNA vaccines in preclinical settings, the progress of clinical trials, and the challenges encountered while analyzing various delivery vehicle types, infusion methods, and application cases across different cancer types, highlighting key factors in vaccine design. The findings demonstrate that mRNA vaccines elicit specific immune responses and exhibit favorable safety and tolerability in clinical trials. Moreover, developing personalized neoantigen vaccines offers a novel direction for cancer immunotherapy. The unique contribution of this review lies in its comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in therapeutic mRNA vaccines for cancer treatment while identifying critical areas for future research to propel the field forward.

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肿瘤mRNA疫苗：临床应用进展与挑战

信使RNA （mRNA）疫苗由于其易于生产、已证实的临床疗效和高安全性，已成为最有前途和发展最快的免疫治疗方法之一。2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行显示了mRNA疫苗的显着治疗潜力，促使研究人员探索将其用于癌症治疗。临床前研究和人体临床试验表明其具有丰富的临床适用性。然而，目前的研究面临着一些挑战，包括肿瘤抗原选择的复杂性、疫苗的稳定性和耐药性的发展。本文综述了肿瘤mRNA疫苗的临床前优化策略、临床试验进展以及面临的挑战，分析了不同肿瘤类型的不同递送载体、输注方法和应用案例，重点介绍了疫苗设计中的关键因素。研究结果表明，mRNA疫苗可引起特异性免疫反应，并在临床试验中表现出良好的安全性和耐受性。此外，开发个体化新抗原疫苗为癌症免疫治疗提供了新的方向。本综述的独特贡献在于全面概述了用于癌症治疗的治疗性mRNA疫苗的最新进展，同时确定了未来研究的关键领域，以推动该领域向前发展。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Cancer letters 医学-肿瘤学

CiteScore

17.70

自引率

2.10%

发文量

427

审稿时长

15 days

期刊介绍： Cancer Letters is a reputable international journal that serves as a platform for significant and original contributions in cancer research. The journal welcomes both full-length articles and Mini Reviews in the wide-ranging field of basic and translational oncology. Furthermore, it frequently presents Special Issues that shed light on current and topical areas in cancer research. Cancer Letters is highly interested in various fundamental aspects that can cater to a diverse readership. These areas include the molecular genetics and cell biology of cancer, radiation biology, molecular pathology, hormones and cancer, viral oncology, metastasis, and chemoprevention. The journal actively focuses on experimental therapeutics, particularly the advancement of targeted therapies for personalized cancer medicine, such as metronomic chemotherapy. By publishing groundbreaking research and promoting advancements in cancer treatments, Cancer Letters aims to actively contribute to the fight against cancer and the improvement of patient outcomes.