Assessment of heavy metal accumulation and essential nutrients in fruits: implications for food safety and environmental sustainability

IF 2.9 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Pub Date : 2025-05-05 DOI:10.1007/s10661-025-14075-6

Hatice Yumuşakbaş, Yılmaz Uğur, Zeynep Maraş, Semih Büyüksoylu, Selim Erdoğan

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Abstract

This study investigates the total concentrations of essential and potentially toxic elements in cherries (Prunus avium), strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa), and grapes (Vitis vinifera) to assess food safety and environmental sustainability. A total of 550 fruit samples and corresponding leaf and soil samples were collected from cherry, strawberry, and grape plants across 60 individuals, with 1 kg of soil sampled per plant. Elemental concentrations were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The results indicated that potassium (K) was the dominant macro element in strawberries (3242.08 mg/kg), while calcium (Ca) exhibited the highest concentration in grapes (4748.0 mg/kg). Iron (Fe) concentrations were notably high in grape soils (170.85 mg/kg), besides cadmium (Cd) concentrations exceeded permissible regulatory limits in all samples, suggesting contamination from agricultural sources. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) revealed distinct elemental patterns between fruit, leaf, and soil compartments. These findings highlight the necessity of continuous monitoring and regulatory enforcement to mitigate heavy metal exposure in agricultural products.

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水果中重金属积累和必需营养素的评估：对食品安全和环境可持续性的影响

本研究调查了樱桃（Prunus avium）、草莓（Fragaria x ananassa）和葡萄（Vitis vinifera）中必需和潜在有毒元素的总浓度，以评估食品安全和环境可持续性。从60个个体的樱桃、草莓和葡萄植株上采集了550个果实样本和相应的叶片和土壤样本，每株植株采集了1公斤土壤样本。元素浓度采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱（ICP-OES）测定。结果表明，草莓中钾(K)含量最高（3242.08 mg/kg），葡萄中钙（Ca）含量最高（4748.0 mg/kg）。葡萄土壤中铁（Fe）浓度显著高（170.85 mg/kg），镉（Cd）浓度均超过允许的监管限制，表明污染来自农业来源。主成分分析（PCA）和层次聚类分析（HCA）揭示了果实、叶片和土壤间不同元素的分布规律。这些发现强调了持续监测和监管执法的必要性，以减轻农产品中的重金属暴露。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

4.70

自引率

6.70%

发文量

1000

审稿时长

7.3 months

期刊介绍： Environmental Monitoring and Assessment emphasizes technical developments and data arising from environmental monitoring and assessment, the use of scientific principles in the design of monitoring systems at the local, regional and global scales, and the use of monitoring data in assessing the consequences of natural resource management actions and pollution risks to man and the environment.