Understanding urban spatial structure through the lens of multiple modal accessibility

Abstract

In contrast to most previous studies that investigated urban spatial structures via the accessibility pattern by a single transport mode, this study proposes a research framework based on the concept of modal accessibility gap (MAG). This framework uses cumulative accessibility measurements, spatial clustering methods with spatial constraints, and online map tools. These methods were employed in the urban spatial structure identification of Kunming, a major city in Southwest China. Findings can be summarized as follows: First, there are obvious spatial disparities in accessibility between motorized and non-motorized transport modes, which emphasizes the necessity of understanding urban structures with multiple modal accessibility. Second, combining the accessibility of the four common modes (driving, public transport, walking, and cycling) with spatial constraints is beneficial for maintaining spatial continuity. In addition, some substructures can be better depicted compared to urban structures detected by a single transport mode. Thus, introducing non-motorized transport modes into the MAG analysis is helpful for the urban planning aimed at green mobility, healthy lifestyles, and human well-being.