Oxidative stress-generated antibacterial and anticancer activities of piperine incorporated guar gum and psyllium husk derived biopolymeric nanocomposite

Abstract

The synthesis of guar gum and psyllium husk mucilage-mediated piperine nanocomposite was reported in order to develop a modified phytochemical-based nanomaterial with potent antimicrobial and anticancer properties. Piperine was nanonized by entrapping within guar gum and psyllium husk mucilage-derived nanocomposite. We have taken guar gum and husk mucilage in three different ratios (1:1, 2:1, 1:2) to formulate nanocomposites for comparative study. Highest loading percentage of piperine in nanocomposite was found to be 83 ​± ​1.2 ​% which indicated excellent incorporation efficiency. The release kinetics of piperine from nanocomposites in acidic pH showed sustained but faster release behaviour than physiological pH which confirms the availability of adequate amount of therapeutics at the site of anticancer application. The as-prepared nanocomposite showed strong oxidative stress mediated antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Lowest IC₅₀ value of nanocomposite i.e. 3.14 ​mg/mL against the adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cell line were evaluated where the effective concentration of piperine was significantly low (76.3 ​μg/mL). The biocompatibility study of the nanocomposite was performed against human lung fibroblast cell line where up to 88.3 ​% cell survivability was observed. Moreover, the nanocomposite had the potential to induce oxidative stress, for which significant mortality of bacterial and cancer cells was detected.