Fuzzy logic-based automatic voltage regulator integrated adaptive vehicle-to-grid controller for ancillary services support

Abstract

Electric vehicles (EVs) are revolutionizing transportation, utilizing batteries as mobile energy storage to mitigate carbon emissions and fossil fuel depletion. Power utilities are increasingly employing EVs with dynamic energy storage for ancillary services such as frequency and voltage regulation. Additionally, EVs are utilized for dynamic damping services, where grid-connected EVs help mitigate frequency oscillations in weak grid conditions. This work presents a novel modified automatic voltage regulator (AVR)-integrated fuzzy logic-based control of EVs, incorporating a feedforward term to enhance damping services. A finely tuned AVR in a conventional generation improves synchronizing and damping torque for frequency oscillations. In this work, a modified AVR control loop is designed, combining the battery characteristics with linear controllers to generate additional damping vectors for frequency oscillations. Furthermore, an intelligent rule-based fuzzy logic (FL) controller is developed to replicate the traditional virtual synchronous control, enhancing the overall inertia and damping response. The proposed approach is validated using a modified IEEE 14-bus system under different case studies, such as load changes, EV variability, and integrated system dynamics. The results demonstrate superior performance over conventional droop control, achieving reduction in steady-state error, peak overshoot, and settling time. The comparative analysis validates the robustness and stability of the proposed control technique, marking a significant advancement in ancillary service support.