{"title":"Application of Liquid Metal Droplets in Tokamaks and Plasma Devices (a Review)","authors":"A. V. Dedov, A. I. Aristov","doi":"10.1134/S1063784225600250","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Record-long plasma confinement times in tokamaks could be attained using new methods of erosion protection of plasma-facing materials (including the use of liquid metals). This article reviews the publications on the application of liquid metal droplets in the form of droplet screens to improve the plasma confinement and to protect the vacuum chamber walls from thermal loads. The variants of designs of devices ensuring the injection of droplets into the volume occupied by the plasma and the main results are considered. Analysis of parameters of liquid metals being injected indicates the possibility of controlling the flow parameters such as the droplet size and velocity. The results of investigations show the possibility of using metals in the chamber without violating vacuum conditions and contamination of the plasma. Further experiments are required to substantiate the application of liquid metal droplet screens in plasma devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":783,"journal":{"name":"Technical Physics","volume":"69 12","pages":"2757 - 2765"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Technical Physics","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S1063784225600250","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"PHYSICS, APPLIED","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Record-long plasma confinement times in tokamaks could be attained using new methods of erosion protection of plasma-facing materials (including the use of liquid metals). This article reviews the publications on the application of liquid metal droplets in the form of droplet screens to improve the plasma confinement and to protect the vacuum chamber walls from thermal loads. The variants of designs of devices ensuring the injection of droplets into the volume occupied by the plasma and the main results are considered. Analysis of parameters of liquid metals being injected indicates the possibility of controlling the flow parameters such as the droplet size and velocity. The results of investigations show the possibility of using metals in the chamber without violating vacuum conditions and contamination of the plasma. Further experiments are required to substantiate the application of liquid metal droplet screens in plasma devices.
期刊介绍：
Technical Physics is a journal that contains practical information on all aspects of applied physics, especially instrumentation and measurement techniques. Particular emphasis is put on plasma physics and related fields such as studies of charged particles in electromagnetic fields, synchrotron radiation, electron and ion beams, gas lasers and discharges. Other journal topics are the properties of condensed matter, including semiconductors, superconductors, gases, liquids, and different materials.
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