Effect of loading configuration on tensile and fatigue behavior of dissimilar resistance spot welds of selective laser-melted maraging steels

IF 5.7 2区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Fatigue Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI:10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109031

Liting Shi, Wenkai Li, Siwei Li, Yandong Shi, Fan Jiang, Zhaofeng Zhou, Xuming Su

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Unlike conventional wrought or cast martensitic steels, which are prone to embrittlement and hydrogen cracking, 3D-printed martensitic steels exhibit exceptional weldability due to their tailored microstructural homogeneity and reduced precipitate segregation. This study investigated resistance spot welds (RSWs) in additively manufactured martensitic steel under complex loading conditions, specifically coach peel and KSII configurations. The results reveal that the weld nugget undergoes significant softening due to high-temperature remelting and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates, which reduces precipitation hardening and promotes grain coarsening. Finite element analysis (FEA) of coach peel specimens demonstrated a load-dependent transition in the shear-to-tensile stress ratio, with shear stress dominating at low loads, leading to interfacial fracture, while tensile stress becomes dominant at high loads, resulting in failure within the sheet metal. Furthermore, by extending Dong’s structural stress approach, this study highlights that the diameter of the weld nugget and sheet thickness are critical factors influencing fatigue life, with a strong correlation (R² = 0.90). These findings provide new insights into the optimization of weld design and performance for resistance spot welds in a 3D-printed martensitic steel underlining the potential for improved weld reliability and structural performance under complex loading conditions.

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加载方式对选择性激光熔化马氏体时效钢异种电阻点焊拉伸和疲劳性能的影响

与传统的变形或铸造马氏体钢容易脆化和氢裂不同，3d打印马氏体钢由于其定制的显微组织均匀性和减少的析出相偏析而表现出优异的可焊性。本研究研究了在复杂加载条件下，特别是在coach peel和KSII配置下，增材制造马氏体钢的电阻点焊（RSWs）。结果表明：高温重熔和强化相的溶解使焊缝熔核发生明显软化，减少了析出硬化，促进了晶粒粗化；对coach peel试样的有限元分析（FEA）表明，剪切-拉应力比的转变与载荷有关，低载荷下剪切应力占主导地位，导致界面断裂，而高载荷下拉应力占主导地位，导致金属板内部破坏。此外，通过扩展Dong的结构应力方法，本研究强调焊缝熔核直径和薄板厚度是影响疲劳寿命的关键因素，且具有很强的相关性（R2 = 0.90）。这些发现为3d打印马氏体钢电阻点焊的焊缝设计和性能优化提供了新的见解，强调了在复杂载荷条件下提高焊缝可靠性和结构性能的潜力。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Fatigue 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

10.70

自引率

21.70%

发文量

619

审稿时长

58 days

期刊介绍： Typical subjects discussed in International Journal of Fatigue address: Novel fatigue testing and characterization methods (new kinds of fatigue tests, critical evaluation of existing methods, in situ measurement of fatigue degradation, non-contact field measurements) Multiaxial fatigue and complex loading effects of materials and structures, exploring state-of-the-art concepts in degradation under cyclic loading Fatigue in the very high cycle regime, including failure mode transitions from surface to subsurface, effects of surface treatment, processing, and loading conditions Modeling (including degradation processes and related driving forces, multiscale/multi-resolution methods, computational hierarchical and concurrent methods for coupled component and material responses, novel methods for notch root analysis, fracture mechanics, damage mechanics, crack growth kinetics, life prediction and durability, and prediction of stochastic fatigue behavior reflecting microstructure and service conditions) Models for early stages of fatigue crack formation and growth that explicitly consider microstructure and relevant materials science aspects Understanding the influence or manufacturing and processing route on fatigue degradation, and embedding this understanding in more predictive schemes for mitigation and design against fatigue Prognosis and damage state awareness (including sensors, monitoring, methodology, interactive control, accelerated methods, data interpretation) Applications of technologies associated with fatigue and their implications for structural integrity and reliability. This includes issues related to design, operation and maintenance, i.e., life cycle engineering Smart materials and structures that can sense and mitigate fatigue degradation Fatigue of devices and structures at small scales, including effects of process route and surfaces/interfaces.