Walking in the city of footbridges: Sense of community, subjective walkability and walking habits in a layered neighborhood

Abstract

This paper explores the sense of community (SoC) in Tsuen Wan, Hong Kong, an urban area where layered pedestrian networks shpae patterns of physical and social connections. It examines how Tsuen Wan’s network of footbridges and sidewalks relates to different walking habits, perceived walkability and SoC. Based on a questionnaire survey conducted among commuters and generalized structural equation modeling (GSEM), the study identifies patterns in how these urban infrastructures correspond with community dynamics. The findings show that frequent leisurely walking on sidewalks is positively linked to subjective walkability but lower reported SoC. However, spending more time on leisurely walks on sidewalks shows a positive association with SoC, suggesting that time spent, rather than frequency, may be more relevant to feelings of community connection. In contrast, both the frequency and duration of utility walking, whether on footbridges or sidewalks, are negatively associated with subjective walkability and SoC. The study also highlights that gender and income significantly are associated with SoC, with males and higher-income individuals reporting stronger SoC and greater walkability satisfaction. This pattern points to the potential importance of social and economic capital, as well as safety perceptions. Additionally, local Hongkongers exhibit a higher SoC despite walking less for leisure, possibly reflecting the role of strong social and network capital in maintaining community bonds even with fewer casual interactions. This research contributes to the SoC and transportation literature by emphasizing both the mobility and social functions of urban streets. It underscores the need for urban planning that supports both transient and sustained social interactions, recognizing the importance of diverse, mobile experiences that underpin a dynamic and inclusive sense of community.