Comparison of Maitland mobilizations and exercise programs for non-specific low back pain in karate fighters: A randomized clinical trial

Abstract

Introduction

Karate fighters (KF) often experience non-specific low back pain (NSLBP), which can compromise their mobility, flexibility, and overall athletic performance. Manual therapy techniques, such as Maitland mobilizations (MM), have been proposed as effective strategies for enhancing mobility and reducing pain. Exercise programs (EP) targeting core stabilization and flexibility may offer therapeutic benefits. However, no studies to date have directly compared the effects of these two treatment approaches in this population.

Objectives

To compare the effects of MM and EP on low back pain intensity and posterior chain flexibility (PCF) in KF with NSLBP.

Methods

Forty-five KF with NSLBP were randomly assigned to either the MM or EP group. Low back pain intensity and PCF were evaluated at baseline and after each session. Both groups received four treatment sessions, twice a week. The MM group received end-range III or IV joint mobilizations, while the EP group performed core stabilization and lower limb stretching exercises. Pain intensity was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS), and PCF was measured with the sit-and-reach test (SRT).

Results

The MM group demonstrated a significant reduction in NSLBP intensity compared to the EP group in the first session (p < 0.001, effect size = 2.36), the second session (p < 0.001, effect size = 2.36), and the third session (p = 0.013, effect size = 1.16). No significant differences were observed in PCF.

Conclusion

MM led to a significant reduction in NSLBP, while both MM and EP interventions were effective in improving PCF in KF.