Effects of salinity on growth, survival, tissue structure, osmoregulation, metabolism, and antioxidant capacity of Eleutheronema tetradactylum (Shaw, 1804)

IF 2.8 2区生物学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Frontiers in Marine Science Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI:10.3389/fmars.2025.1553114

Zongfa Chen, Weibin Liu, Anna Zheng, Minxuan Jin, Shunmei Huang, Lijuan Zhao, Shengliang Tang, Evodia Moses Mkulo, Linjuan Wang, Huijuan Zhang, Jingheng Lu, Happiness Moses Mwemi, Baogui Tang, Hui Zhou, Bei Wang, Jiansheng Huang, Zhongliang Wang

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Abstract

IntroductionThis study investigates the effects of salinity on the growth, survival, tissue morphology, osmotic regulation, metabolism, and antioxidant responses of juvenile Eleutheronema tetradactylum.MethodsThe experiment was conducted under controlled aquaculture conditions with eight salinity treatments (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 PSU), each with three replicates (20 fish per replicate) in cylindrical tanks (500 L). Juveniles (mean total length: 16.43 ± 0.87 cm; mean body weight: 35.71 ± 1.067g) were exposed to the treatments for 30 days. Key measurements included plasma osmotic pressure, ion concentrations, and Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) in the gills, assessed at 0, 1, 10, 20, and 30 days.ResultsSurvival rates, growth parameters, and histopathological changes in gill, intestinal, and kidney tissues were also evaluated. Additionally, plasma levels of lactic acid (LD), triglycerides (TG), glucose (GLU), total superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. The results revealed that survival rates were significantly lower in the 0 PSU group compared to all other salinities (P< 0.05). Growth performance, including specific growth rate (SGR), weight gain rate (WGR), and daily weight gain (DWG), was significantly reduced at high salinities (30 and 35 PSU) (P< 0.05). Histopathological alterations were observed in the gills, intestine, and kidneys, particularly in osmoregulatory tissues. Salinity also significantly affected NKA, plasma osmotic pressure, and ion concentrations. The isosmotic point for E. tetradactylum was determined to be approximately 10.88 PSU. Metabolic responses, including LD, TG, and GLU, exhibited a pattern of initial decline followed by an increase with increasing salinity. SOD activity was significantly higher in the 10 PSU group compared to the 30 and 35 PSU groups (P< 0.05), while T-AOC showed a “U”-shaped response to increasing salinity. GSH-Px activity decreased with salinity, especially at 35 PSU (P< 0.05), while MDA levels did not vary significantly (P > 0.05).DiscussionIn conclusion, E. tetradactylum belongs to euryhaline fish species, with optimal growth occurring at lower salinities(5-10PSU). High salinity (30–35 PSU) adversely affects growth and antioxidant defense mechanisms, highlighting the species’ sensitivity to elevated salinity. Beyond identifying species-specific sensitivity, this work provides actionable guidelines for optimizing aquaculture practices, reducing metabolic costs, and mitigating oxidative stress in captive-reared populations.

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盐度对Eleutheronema tetradactylum生长、存活、组织结构、渗透调节、代谢和抗氧化能力的影响（Shaw, 1804）

摘要本研究探讨了盐度对四爪拟鳗幼鱼生长、存活、组织形态、渗透调节、代谢和抗氧化反应的影响。方法采用8种盐度处理（0、5、10、15、20、25、30、35 PSU），在500 L圆柱形池中进行3个重复（每个重复20尾鱼）的对照养殖。平均体重：35.71±1.067g)，处理30 d。关键测量包括血浆渗透压、离子浓度和鳃中的Na+/K+- atp酶（NKA），分别在0、1、10、20和30天进行评估。结果存活率、生长参数以及鳃、肠和肾组织的病理变化也得到了评估。此外，测定血浆乳酸（LD）、甘油三酯（TG）、葡萄糖（GLU）、总超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）和丙二醛（MDA）水平。结果显示，与所有其他盐度相比，0 PSU组的存活率显着降低(P<；0.05)。高盐度（30和35 PSU）显著降低了生长性能，包括特定生长率（SGR）、增重率（WGR）和日增重（DWG） (P<；0.05)。在鳃、肠和肾中观察到组织病理学改变，特别是在渗透调节组织中。盐度也显著影响NKA、血浆渗透压和离子浓度。测定了四acttyum的等渗点约为10.88 PSU。代谢反应，包括LD、TG和GLU，呈现出一种随着盐度增加而先下降后上升的模式。与30和35 PSU组相比，10 PSU组的SOD活性显著升高(P<；0.05)，而T-AOC随盐度升高呈“U”型响应。GSH-Px活性随盐度降低，尤其是在35 PSU (P<；0.05)，而MDA水平差异不显著(P >；0.05)。综上所述，E. tetradactylum属于全盐鱼类，在较低的盐度（5-10PSU）下生长最佳。高盐度（30-35 PSU）对生长和抗氧化防御机制产生不利影响，突出了该物种对高盐度的敏感性。除了确定物种特异性敏感性之外，这项工作还为优化水产养殖实践、降低代谢成本和减轻圈养种群的氧化应激提供了可行的指导方针。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Frontiers in Marine Science Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Aquatic Science

CiteScore

5.10

自引率

16.20%

发文量

2443

审稿时长

14 weeks

期刊介绍： Frontiers in Marine Science publishes rigorously peer-reviewed research that advances our understanding of all aspects of the environment, biology, ecosystem functioning and human interactions with the oceans. Field Chief Editor Carlos M. Duarte at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal is supported by an outstanding Editorial Board of international researchers. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to researchers, academics, policy makers and the public worldwide. With the human population predicted to reach 9 billion people by 2050, it is clear that traditional land resources will not suffice to meet the demand for food or energy, required to support high-quality livelihoods. As a result, the oceans are emerging as a source of untapped assets, with new innovative industries, such as aquaculture, marine biotechnology, marine energy and deep-sea mining growing rapidly under a new era characterized by rapid growth of a blue, ocean-based economy. The sustainability of the blue economy is closely dependent on our knowledge about how to mitigate the impacts of the multiple pressures on the ocean ecosystem associated with the increased scale and diversification of industry operations in the ocean and global human pressures on the environment. Therefore, Frontiers in Marine Science particularly welcomes the communication of research outcomes addressing ocean-based solutions for the emerging challenges, including improved forecasting and observational capacities, understanding biodiversity and ecosystem problems, locally and globally, effective management strategies to maintain ocean health, and an improved capacity to sustainably derive resources from the oceans.