Synthesis, characterization and rheological properties of hydrophobically modified polyacrylamides: Effect of type, amount and distribution of hydrophobic comonomer

IF 5.3 2区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Molecular Liquids Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI:10.1016/j.molliq.2025.127585

Zeinab Shirband, Mahdi Abdollahi

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Abstract

Aim of this work was to systematically investigate the effect of three factors (including hydrophobic block length, the type and amount of hydrophobic monomers) affecting on the rheology of hydrophobically modified polyacrylamide. Additionally, attempts were made to synthesize polymers with higher molecular weight and consequently higher rheological properties. Acrylamide (AM) was copolymerized with 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) and three hydrophobic monomers of styrene (St), N-para-ethylphenylacrylamide (EφAM), and N-benzylacrylamide (BAM) using the micellar polymerization method to optimize the rheological properties of drilling fluids. The synthesized terpolymers were characterized using FT-IR and ¹H NMR techniques, confirming successful polymerization. Rheological properties were evaluated under various conditions, alongside dynamic light scattering (DLS), to investigate the relationship between the polymers’ microstructure and the viscosity of their aqueous solutions. The rheological behavior of the fluids was studied in tap water, divalent salt (CaCl₂), and monovalent salt-saturated water (SSW), both before and after hot rolling at 250°F for 4 h. All polymer fluids showed shear-thinning behavior. After hot rolling, the polymers showed improved performance in deionized water, but their properties declined in salt-saturated water. The polymer containing the EφAM monomer demonstrated exceptional resistance to shear, salt, and high temperatures due to its unique structure and high hydrophobicity, that making it suitable for drilling fluid applications. To enhance the molecular weight and rheological properties, the optimal polymer was re-synthesized with adjustments to the initiator amount and monomer concentration. The modified polymer, AMAE’’_8.1, showed enhanced resistance in salt-saturated water and exhibited properties similar to natural polymers, such as xanthan gum.

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疏水改性聚丙烯酰胺的合成、表征及流变性能：疏水单体种类、用量及分布的影响

本文系统地研究了疏水嵌段长度、疏水单体的种类和用量等三个因素对疏水改性聚丙烯酰胺流变性能的影响。此外，还尝试合成具有更高分子量和更高流变性能的聚合物。采用胶束聚合法，将丙烯酰胺（AM）与2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基-1-丙磺酸（AMPS）以及苯乙烯（St）、n -对乙基苯基丙烯酰胺（e - φAM）和n -苄基丙烯酰胺（BAM）三种疏水单体共聚，优化钻井液的流变性能。采用红外光谱（FT-IR）和核磁共振氢谱（1H NMR）对合成的三元共聚物进行了表征，证实了聚合成功。在各种条件下，通过动态光散射（DLS）评估了聚合物的流变特性，以研究聚合物的微观结构与其水溶液粘度之间的关系。研究了聚合物流体在自来水、二价盐（CaCl2）和一价盐饱和水（SSW）中250°F热轧4小时前后的流变行为。所有聚合物流体都表现出剪切变薄行为。热轧后的聚合物在去离子水中的性能得到改善，但在盐饱和水中性能下降。含有EφAM单体的聚合物由于其独特的结构和高疏水性，表现出优异的抗剪切、耐盐和耐高温性能，使其适合钻井液应用。为了提高聚合物的分子量和流变性能，通过调整引发剂用量和单体浓度，重新合成了最佳聚合物。改性聚合物AMAE“8.1在饱和盐水中表现出增强的耐水性，并表现出与天然聚合物（如黄原胶）相似的性能。

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来源期刊

Journal of Molecular Liquids 化学-物理：原子、分子和化学物理

CiteScore

10.30

自引率

16.70%

发文量

2597

审稿时长

78 days

期刊介绍： The journal includes papers in the following areas: – Simple organic liquids and mixtures – Ionic liquids – Surfactant solutions (including micelles and vesicles) and liquid interfaces – Colloidal solutions and nanoparticles – Thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystals – Ferrofluids – Water, aqueous solutions and other hydrogen-bonded liquids – Lubricants, polymer solutions and melts – Molten metals and salts – Phase transitions and critical phenomena in liquids and confined fluids – Self assembly in complex liquids.– Biomolecules in solution The emphasis is on the molecular (or microscopic) understanding of particular liquids or liquid systems, especially concerning structure, dynamics and intermolecular forces. The experimental techniques used may include: – Conventional spectroscopy (mid-IR and far-IR, Raman, NMR, etc.) – Non-linear optics and time resolved spectroscopy (psec, fsec, asec, ISRS, etc.) – Light scattering (Rayleigh, Brillouin, PCS, etc.) – Dielectric relaxation – X-ray and neutron scattering and diffraction. Experimental studies, computer simulations (MD or MC) and analytical theory will be considered for publication; papers just reporting experimental results that do not contribute to the understanding of the fundamentals of molecular and ionic liquids will not be accepted. Only papers of a non-routine nature and advancing the field will be considered for publication.