Cybersickness and discomfort from head-mounted displays delivering fully immersive virtual reality: A systematic review

IF 3.3 3区医学 Q1 NURSING

Nurse Education in Practice Pub Date : 2025-04-19 DOI:10.1016/j.nepr.2025.104376

Samantha Cossio , Stefania Chiappinotto , Sara Dentice , Chiara Moreal , Gaia Magro , Gaia Dussi , Alvisa Palese , Alessandro Galazzi

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Aim

To synthesize existing knowledge on the phenomenon of cybersickness and discomfort associated with the use of HMDs in delivering fully immersive VR experiences within educational contexts.

Background

Virtual reality (VR) plays an increasingly important role in education; however, head-mounted displays (HMDs) may trigger cybersickness and discomfort.

Design

A systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42024583656) in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

Methods

The PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and Scopus databases were searched to identify primary studies in English or Italian, published from 2013 to 2024.

Results

Twenty-five studies were included. Ad hoc questionnaires followed by the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire and the Motion Sickness Assessment Questionnaire were mainly used to detect cybersickness. In 12 studies, inconsistent or very low scores of cybersickness were reported. Oculomotor disturbances were the most frequently documented negative effects, followed by disorientation. Discomfort was assessed in eight studies, mainly with ad hoc questionnaires, with five of them reporting inconsistent or minimal discomfort.

Conclusions

Students and professionals should be informed about the possibility of some adverse effects, especially if they undertake daily activities after the educational sessions (e.g. oculomotor issues and driving).

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头戴式显示器带来的晕机和不适提供完全沉浸式虚拟现实：系统回顾

背景虚拟现实（VR）在教育领域发挥着越来越重要的作用；然而，头戴式显示器（HMD）可能会引发晕动症和不适感。设计根据《系统综述和荟萃分析首选报告项目》指南进行了系统综述（PROSPERO：CRD42024583656）。方法检索了 PubMed、CINAHL、Cochrane Library 和 Scopus 数据库，以确定 2013 年至 2024 年期间发表的英语或意大利语的主要研究。检测晕机症主要使用临时问卷，其次是模拟器晕机问卷和运动晕机评估问卷。有 12 项研究报告了不一致或很低的晕机评分。眼球运动障碍是最常见的负面影响，其次是迷失方向。有 8 项研究对不适感进行了评估，主要是通过临时问卷调查，其中有 5 项研究报告的不适感不一致或很轻微。结论应告知学生和专业人员一些不良反应的可能性，特别是如果他们在教育课程后进行日常活动（如眼球运动问题和驾驶）。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Nurse Education in Practice NURSING-

CiteScore

5.40

自引率

9.40%

发文量

180

审稿时长

51 days

期刊介绍： Nurse Education in Practice enables lecturers and practitioners to both share and disseminate evidence that demonstrates the actual practice of education as it is experienced in the realities of their respective work environments. It is supportive of new authors and will be at the forefront in publishing individual and collaborative papers that demonstrate the link between education and practice.