The Effects of Fear of COVID-19 and Perceived Social Support on Postpartum Depression: A Path Analysis

IF 2.1 4区医学 Q3 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES

Journal of evaluation in clinical practice Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI:10.1111/jep.70098

Mehtap Uzun Aksoy, Eda Şimşek Şahin, Aliye Doğan Gangal, Şengül Yaman Sözbir, Ayten Şenturk Erenel

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Rationale

Postpartum depression is a significant health problem that negatively affects maternal and fetal health and should be carefully evaluated by health professionals in extraordinary situations such as disasters and pandemics. This study aimed to examine the effects of fear of COVID-19, perceived social support, and some socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics of women on the risk of postpartum depression during the pandemic period using path analysis.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted with 226 women over 18 years of age, literate, gave birth at term, were between 2 weeks and a year postpartum, could use smartphones, and had not had COVID-19. The data were collected using the instruments Personal Information Form, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Data were collected via online survey method between 14 November 2020 and 30 December 2020.

Results

The prevalence of risk of postpartum depression was 35.8%. The mean FCV-19S score was 19.72 ± 6.75, the mean MSPSS score was 56.69 ± 17.49, and the mean EPDS score was 10.03 ± 6.21. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that risk factors associated with postpartum depression risk in postpartum women during the pandemic family type (OR: 0.316, p = 0.05), satisfaction with childbirth experience (OR: 5.907, p = 0.003), fear of COVID-19 (OR: 1.104, p < 0.001), and perceived social support (OR: 0.942, p < 0.001). According to the path analysis, the χ²/degree of freedom value of the model is 1.35 and GFI: 0.99, AGFI: 0.96, CFI: 0.98, RMSEA: 0.040, NFI: 0.94, NNFI: 0.93, SRMR: 0.041 for path analysis. Path analysis revealed that having a nuclear family (β = 1.33), perceived social support (β = −0.13), having a history of depression (β = 3.61), fear of COVID-19 (β = 0.14), and satisfaction with the birth experience (β = −2.56) had a direct negative effect on the risk of PPD during the pandemic.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that strengthening social support, helping her cope with the fear of COVID-19, having a good birth process, and reasonable evaluation of their mental health history can alleviate the risk of PPD during the pandemic period. On the other hand, our findings may guide the development of prevention and intervention approaches for factors that directly and indirectly affect women's PPD risk during the pandemic period.

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新型冠状病毒肺炎恐惧与感知社会支持对产后抑郁的影响：一项路径分析

产后抑郁症是一个严重的健康问题，对孕产妇和胎儿健康产生负面影响，在灾害和流行病等特殊情况下，应由卫生专业人员仔细评估。本研究旨在通过通径分析，研究对COVID-19的恐惧、感知的社会支持以及女性的一些社会人口统计学和产科特征对大流行期间产后抑郁风险的影响。方法对226名年龄在18岁以上、识字、足月分娩、产后2周至1年、会使用智能手机、未感染COVID-19的女性进行横断面研究。数据采用个人信息表、新冠病毒恐惧量表（FCV-19S）、爱丁堡产后抑郁量表（EPDS）和感知社会支持多维量表（MSPSS）收集。数据于2020年11月14日至2020年12月30日通过在线调查方法收集。结果产后抑郁症患病率为35.8%。FCV-19S评分平均为19.72±6.75分，MSPSS评分平均为56.69±17.49分，EPDS评分平均为10.03±6.21分。二元logistic回归分析显示，大流行家庭型产后妇女产后抑郁风险相关因素为：产后抑郁风险（OR: 0.316, p = 0.05）、分娩体验满意度（OR: 5.907, p = 0.003）、对COVID-19的恐惧（OR: 1.104, p < 0.001）、感知社会支持（OR: 0.942, p < 0.001）。经通径分析，模型的χ2/自由度值为1.35，通径分析的GFI为0.99，AGFI为0.96，CFI为0.98，RMSEA为0.040，NFI为0.94，NNFI为0.93，SRMR为0.041。通径分析显示，拥有核心家庭（β = 1.33）、感知社会支持（β = - 0.13）、有抑郁史（β = 3.61）、对COVID-19的恐惧（β = 0.14）和对分娩体验的满意度（β = - 2.56）对大流行期间PPD的风险有直接的负相关影响。结论加强社会支持，帮助其应对新冠肺炎恐惧，良好的分娩过程，合理评估其心理健康史，可降低PPD在大流行期间的风险。另一方面，我们的研究结果可能指导在大流行期间直接或间接影响妇女PPD风险的因素的预防和干预方法的发展。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of evaluation in clinical practice 医学-卫生保健

CiteScore

4.80

自引率

4.20%

发文量

143

审稿时长

3-8 weeks

期刊介绍： The Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice aims to promote the evaluation and development of clinical practice across medicine, nursing and the allied health professions. All aspects of health services research and public health policy analysis and debate are of interest to the Journal whether studied from a population-based or individual patient-centred perspective. Of particular interest to the Journal are submissions on all aspects of clinical effectiveness and efficiency including evidence-based medicine, clinical practice guidelines, clinical decision making, clinical services organisation, implementation and delivery, health economic evaluation, health process and outcome measurement and new or improved methods (conceptual and statistical) for systematic inquiry into clinical practice. Papers may take a classical quantitative or qualitative approach to investigation (or may utilise both techniques) or may take the form of learned essays, structured/systematic reviews and critiques.