Crack propagation and strength characteristic of sandstone with structural defects under extensive true triaxial tests by using DEM simulation

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics Pub Date : 2025-04-15 DOI:10.1016/j.tafmec.2025.104971

Fan Feng , Tong Zhang , Jamal Rostami , Shaojie Chen , Xingdong Zhao , Jiadong Qiu

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The stability of rock masses is significantly affected by the existence, frequency, and condition of the structural features such as planes and joints. The failure characteristics and strength of such features, their conditions and stability should be studied to understand the behavior of rock mass. In the present study, Particle flow code in three dimensions (PFC3D), which is a discrete element program, was used to conduct extensive simulation of true triaxial compressive tests on sandstone with structural defects. The results of the simulation were validated by comparing the crack growth pattern with those of laboratory testing. The main focus of this study was on the effects of structural plane dip angles (α) and polyaxial stress states on the crack propagation, failure mode and peak strength of sandstone. The results indicate that the minimum principal stress (σ₃) has a predominant influence on the generation of anti-wing cracks. Increase in σ₃ can promote the propagation range of the anti-wing crack under the same intermediate principal stress (σ₂). The increase in σ₂ lowers the non-uniform deformation of specimen which was affected by the structural plane. The increasing rate of peak strength with equal σ₃ gradient of specimens exhibits a linear relationship with σ₂ under true triaxial compression. However, the resulting strength is different under various α. σ₃ has a more pronounced influence on the peak strength of specimens with structural plane than σ₂. σ₃ determines the influence of σ₂ on the peak strength of the specimens. It is also found that the higher σ₃ leads to reduced influence of α on the strength.

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岩体的稳定性在很大程度上受到平面和节理等结构特征的存在、频率和状况的影响。要了解岩体的行为，就必须研究这些特征的破坏特征和强度、它们的条件和稳定性。本研究采用离散元程序三维粒子流代码（PFC3D）对有结构缺陷的砂岩进行了大量真实三轴压缩试验模拟。通过比较裂纹生长模式与实验室测试结果，对模拟结果进行了验证。这项研究的重点是结构平面倾角（α）和多轴应力状态对砂岩裂纹扩展、破坏模式和峰值强度的影响。结果表明，最小主应力（σ3）对反翼裂缝的产生有主要影响。在相同的中间主应力（σ2）下，σ3 的增大可促进反翼裂缝的扩展范围。σ2的增大降低了试样受结构平面影响的不均匀变形。在真实三轴压缩条件下，试样在相同 σ3 梯度下的峰值强度增加率与 σ2 呈线性关系。σ3 决定了 σ2 对试样峰值强度的影响。研究还发现，σ3 越大，α 对强度的影响越小。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 工程技术-工程：机械

CiteScore

8.40

自引率

18.90%

发文量

435

审稿时长

37 days

期刊介绍： Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics'' aims & scopes have been re-designed to cover both the theoretical, applied, and numerical aspects associated with those cracking related phenomena taking place, at a micro-, meso-, and macroscopic level, in materials/components/structures of any kind. The journal aims to cover the cracking/mechanical behaviour of materials/components/structures in those situations involving both time-independent and time-dependent system of external forces/moments (such as, for instance, quasi-static, impulsive, impact, blasting, creep, contact, and fatigue loading). Since, under the above circumstances, the mechanical behaviour of cracked materials/components/structures is also affected by the environmental conditions, the journal would consider also those theoretical/experimental research works investigating the effect of external variables such as, for instance, the effect of corrosive environments as well as of high/low-temperature.