Harnessing marine resources for Alzheimer's therapy: A review integrating bioactivity and molecular docking

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition resulting in cognitive impairment and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and plaques in the brain. The drivers of AD's molecular progression and pathology include the accumulation of amyloid β protein (Aβ); thus, Aβ is an intervention target. However, the limitations in clinical trials of Aβ-targeted medicine and the failure to intervene in disease progression have raised concerns about the use of this drug and its veracious route. In particular, we comprehensively reviewed the potential effect of marine compounds and the mechanism of isolation and extraction from marine organisms resulting in the optimization of AD treatment. Furthermore, the hub compounds were docked with Beta-secretase receptors to strengthen the extrapolation of mechanistic interactions thus inhibiting the activity of an enzyme. An extensive review revealed that marine aquaculture and its byproducts are a promising source and isolated with green methods or less investment, ensuring their sustainability. MNPs harbor specific pharmacological features that enable them to exert neuroprotective effects by minimizing events such as Aβ peptide formation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation.