Elham Nadim, Ian Major, Declan Devine, Pavan Paraskar
{"title":"Biobased self-healing functional composites and their applications","authors":"Elham Nadim, Ian Major, Declan Devine, Pavan Paraskar","doi":"10.1186/s42252-025-00065-x","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Self-healing composites are innovative materials designed to autonomously repair damage and restore functionality, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional thermosetting materials. These materials enable self-repair without external intervention, extending service life and reducing maintenance costs. Recently, bio-based self-healing composites comprising matrices and fillers derived from renewable resources such as polysaccharides (e.g., cellulose), lignin, vegetable oils, and vanillin have emerged as a promising solution to reduce dependence on non-renewable petroleum-based materials. This review delves into the advancements in bio-based self-healing composites, with a focus on systems utilizing dynamic covalent bonds (e.g., hydroxyl ester, Schiff base, disulfide bonds) and dynamic non-covalent interactions. It explores diverse self-healing mechanisms, including supramolecular chemistry, covalent bond reformation, diffusion and flow, heterogeneous systems, and shape-memory effects, as well as their synergistic combinations. The discussion spans both physical and chemical approaches, highlighting integrated physico-chemical strategies. Furthermore, the review examines state-of-the-art fabrication techniques and the broad range of applications for these materials. Future perspectives and research directions underscore the pivotal role of bio-based self-healing composites in advancing sustainable and durable solutions across multiple industries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":576,"journal":{"name":"Functional Composite Materials","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://jmscomposites.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s42252-025-00065-x","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Functional Composite Materials","FirstCategoryId":"1","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s42252-025-00065-x","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Self-healing composites are innovative materials designed to autonomously repair damage and restore functionality, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional thermosetting materials. These materials enable self-repair without external intervention, extending service life and reducing maintenance costs. Recently, bio-based self-healing composites comprising matrices and fillers derived from renewable resources such as polysaccharides (e.g., cellulose), lignin, vegetable oils, and vanillin have emerged as a promising solution to reduce dependence on non-renewable petroleum-based materials. This review delves into the advancements in bio-based self-healing composites, with a focus on systems utilizing dynamic covalent bonds (e.g., hydroxyl ester, Schiff base, disulfide bonds) and dynamic non-covalent interactions. It explores diverse self-healing mechanisms, including supramolecular chemistry, covalent bond reformation, diffusion and flow, heterogeneous systems, and shape-memory effects, as well as their synergistic combinations. The discussion spans both physical and chemical approaches, highlighting integrated physico-chemical strategies. Furthermore, the review examines state-of-the-art fabrication techniques and the broad range of applications for these materials. Future perspectives and research directions underscore the pivotal role of bio-based self-healing composites in advancing sustainable and durable solutions across multiple industries.