A novel efficient method for the simultaneous recycle of amygdalin and oil from bitter apricot kernels: Ultrasonication based on natural deep eutectic solvent

IF 5.3 2区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Molecular Liquids Pub Date : 2025-04-12 DOI:10.1016/j.molliq.2025.127592

Jiawei Bao, Lu Li, Lanzhen Ban, Xia Pi, Chunmei Li

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Abstract

Bitter apricot kernel (BAK) is a good source of amygdalin and oil. However, the current production process faces challenges including the inability to simultaneously extract amygdalin and oil, and the risk of toxicity due to amygdalin contamination in the oil. A novel, green and efficient ultrasonication-assisted extraction (UAE) method based on a natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) composed of choline chloride-lactic acid (CC-LA) was established for simultaneous extraction of amygdalin and oil from BAK for the first time. Under optimizing conditions of a liquid-to-solid ratio of 18 mL/g, ultrasonic power of 420 W, temperature of 42 °C, and extraction time of 32 min, the highest yields of amygdalin and oil were achieved at 10.22 ± 0.04 % and 45.64 ± 0.24 %, respectively. The yield of amygdalin in UAE based on CC-LA was twice and nineteen times that of methanol (90 %, v/v) and water, respectively. Meanwhile, the yield of oil obtained by this new method was comparable to that by organic solvent extraction methods. The fatty acid composition of oil obtained by this method was consistent with that by conventional extraction methods. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis indicated that CC-LA and UAE had a synergistic effect on the destruction of BAK’s microstructure, which facilitated the recovery of amygdalin and oil. Molecular dynamics simulation results showed that amygdalin in CC-LA reached a higher solvent-accessible surface area (SASA) and formed more hydrogen bonds with longer lifetimes and greater stability. Furthermore, this new method demonstrated potential for industrial scalability.

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一种同时回收苦杏仁中苦杏仁苷和苦杏仁油的高效新方法：基于天然深层共晶溶剂的超声波法

苦杏仁（BAK）是苦杏仁苷和油的良好来源。然而，目前的生产工艺面临着挑战，包括无法同时提取苦杏仁苷和油，以及由于油中苦杏仁苷污染而产生毒性的风险。首次建立了以氯化胆碱-乳酸（CC-LA）组成的天然深层共晶溶剂（NADES）为溶剂，同时提取苦杏仁苷和苦杏仁油的绿色高效超声辅助提取方法。在液料比为18 mL/g、超声功率为420 W、提取温度为42℃、提取时间为32 min的优化条件下，苦杏仁苷和苦杏仁油的提取率分别为10.22±0.04%和45.64±0.24%。以CC-LA为原料制备苦杏仁苷的收率分别是甲醇（90%,v/v）和水的2倍和19倍。同时，该方法得到的油收率与有机溶剂萃取法相当。该方法得到的油的脂肪酸组成与常规提取方法一致。扫描电镜（SEM）分析表明，CC-LA和UAE对BAK的微观结构具有协同破坏作用，有利于苦杏仁苷和苦杏仁油的回收。分子动力学模拟结果表明，CC-LA中的苦杏仁苷获得了更高的溶剂可及表面积（SASA），形成了更多的氢键，寿命更长，稳定性更好。此外，这种新方法显示了工业可扩展性的潜力。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Molecular Liquids 化学-物理：原子、分子和化学物理

CiteScore

10.30

自引率

16.70%

发文量

2597

审稿时长

78 days

期刊介绍： The journal includes papers in the following areas: – Simple organic liquids and mixtures – Ionic liquids – Surfactant solutions (including micelles and vesicles) and liquid interfaces – Colloidal solutions and nanoparticles – Thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystals – Ferrofluids – Water, aqueous solutions and other hydrogen-bonded liquids – Lubricants, polymer solutions and melts – Molten metals and salts – Phase transitions and critical phenomena in liquids and confined fluids – Self assembly in complex liquids.– Biomolecules in solution The emphasis is on the molecular (or microscopic) understanding of particular liquids or liquid systems, especially concerning structure, dynamics and intermolecular forces. The experimental techniques used may include: – Conventional spectroscopy (mid-IR and far-IR, Raman, NMR, etc.) – Non-linear optics and time resolved spectroscopy (psec, fsec, asec, ISRS, etc.) – Light scattering (Rayleigh, Brillouin, PCS, etc.) – Dielectric relaxation – X-ray and neutron scattering and diffraction. Experimental studies, computer simulations (MD or MC) and analytical theory will be considered for publication; papers just reporting experimental results that do not contribute to the understanding of the fundamentals of molecular and ionic liquids will not be accepted. Only papers of a non-routine nature and advancing the field will be considered for publication.