Effect of Predominantly Plant-Based Diets on Visceral Fat: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics Pub Date : 2025-04-15 DOI:10.1111/jhn.70055

Vinu Vij, Kalyani Deshmukh, Mathavaswami Vijayageetha, Chanchal Goyal, Jyotsna Gumashta, Aravind P. Gandhi

{"title":"Effect of Predominantly Plant-Based Diets on Visceral Fat: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Vinu Vij, Kalyani Deshmukh, Mathavaswami Vijayageetha, Chanchal Goyal, Jyotsna Gumashta, Aravind P. Gandhi","doi":"10.1111/jhn.70055","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Background</h3>\n \n <p>Visceral fat (VF) is a key contributor to metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Predominantly plant-based diets (PPBDs) have been linked to improved body composition and metabolic health. This systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA) evaluated the impact of PPBDs on VF.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Methods</h3>\n \n <p>A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library (up to November 2024) identified 13 studies (10 cross-sectional, 2 randomized controlled trials [RCTs], 1 non-randomized intervention) with a total of 4000 participants reporting VF outcomes. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2.0, ROBINS-I and JBI tools. Meta-analyses used random-effects models, with heterogeneity and publication bias assessed via statistical tests and Doi plots.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>RCTs indicated a trend toward VF reduction in those following a PPBD (pooled mean difference: −177.99 cm³; 95% CI: −475.83 to 119.85). Cross-sectional studies showed significantly lower VF with high adherence to the Mediterranean diet (SMD: −0.45; 95% CI: −0.73 to −0.17; <i>I</i>² = 70%) and modest reductions with vegetarian diets (SMD: −0.24; 95% CI: −0.47 to −0.02; <i>I</i>² = 0%). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of findings. Certainty of evidence was rated very low.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusion</h3>\n \n <p>PPBDs appear to be associated with lower VF and improved metabolic health, though the certainty of evidence remains very low. Further, well-powered RCTs are needed to confirm these findings.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Trial Registration</h3>\n \n <p>PROSPERO; ID: CRD42024617129. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024617129.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":54803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics","volume":"38 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jhn.70055","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"NUTRITION & DIETETICS","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Visceral fat (VF) is a key contributor to metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Predominantly plant-based diets (PPBDs) have been linked to improved body composition and metabolic health. This systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA) evaluated the impact of PPBDs on VF.

Methods

A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library (up to November 2024) identified 13 studies (10 cross-sectional, 2 randomized controlled trials [RCTs], 1 non-randomized intervention) with a total of 4000 participants reporting VF outcomes. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2.0, ROBINS-I and JBI tools. Meta-analyses used random-effects models, with heterogeneity and publication bias assessed via statistical tests and Doi plots.

Results

RCTs indicated a trend toward VF reduction in those following a PPBD (pooled mean difference: −177.99 cm³; 95% CI: −475.83 to 119.85). Cross-sectional studies showed significantly lower VF with high adherence to the Mediterranean diet (SMD: −0.45; 95% CI: −0.73 to −0.17; I² = 70%) and modest reductions with vegetarian diets (SMD: −0.24; 95% CI: −0.47 to −0.02; I² = 0%). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of findings. Certainty of evidence was rated very low.

Conclusion

PPBDs appear to be associated with lower VF and improved metabolic health, though the certainty of evidence remains very low. Further, well-powered RCTs are needed to confirm these findings.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO; ID: CRD42024617129. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024617129.

查看原文本刊更多论文

以植物为主的膳食对内脏脂肪的影响：系统回顾与元分析

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 医学-营养学

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

15.20%

发文量

133

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics is an international peer-reviewed journal publishing papers in applied nutrition and dietetics. Papers are therefore welcomed on: - Clinical nutrition and the practice of therapeutic dietetics - Clinical and professional guidelines - Public health nutrition and nutritional epidemiology - Dietary surveys and dietary assessment methodology - Health promotion and intervention studies and their effectiveness - Obesity, weight control and body composition - Research on psychological determinants of healthy and unhealthy eating behaviour. Focus can for example be on attitudes, brain correlates of food reward processing, social influences, impulsivity, cognitive control, cognitive processes, dieting, psychological treatments. - Appetite, Food intake and nutritional status - Nutrigenomics and molecular nutrition - The journal does not publish animal research The journal is published in an online-only format. No printed issue of this title will be produced but authors will still be able to order offprints of their own articles.