Recent update on catalytic activity of N-heterocyclic carbene supported on graphene nanosheets: A mini review

Abstract

This mini review examines the latest advancements (2013- up to 2024) in the catalytic properties of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes that are supported on graphene nanosheets, emphasizing their importance in improving catalytic efficiency across a range of organic reactions. It explores various innovative strategies, such as the development of ferrocene-tethered NHC-copper complexes and pyrene-tagged NHC-palladacycle complexes, which exhibit exceptional effectiveness in processes like the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling and the N-alkylation of anilines. Importantly, these hybrid materials demonstrate outstanding recyclability, with certain catalysts retaining high activity over numerous cycles, thereby addressing sustainability issues in catalysis. The interactions between NHC complexes and graphene, particularly through π-π stacking, are critical for stabilizing the catalysts and enhancing their performance. Furthermore, the review highlights how these approaches align with green chemistry principles, showcasing high carbon efficiency and minimal environmental impact. The findings indicate that NHC-supported catalysts not only propel advancements in catalysis but also aid in the creation of environmentally friendly synthetic methods. In summary, this mini review offers a thorough overview of the progress made in NHC-supported catalysts, highlighting their potential for practical applications in organic synthesis and their contribution to fostering sustainable practices within the chemical industry.