Economic evaluation of large-scale production for Colletotrichum antagonists as biocontrol agents against anthracnose

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Anthracnose, a widespread fungal disease, poses significant challenges to postharvest fruit management, leading to substantial economic losses globally. Traditional control methods rely heavily on synthetic fungicides, but concerns over resistance and environmental impact have spurred interest in alternative biocontrol strategies. This study evaluates the techno-economic feasibility of large-scale production of several antagonistic microorganisms against Colletotrichum, the causal agent of anthracnose.

RESULTS

Bioprocess modeling, sensitivity analysis and Monte Carlo simulations were utilized to assess the economic viability of scaling up the production of microorganisms described in the literature as potential biocontrol agents. Results highlight the importance of production titer and the effective concentration of the biocontrol agent in determining the cost of goods per dose. Bacillus thuringiensis shows the most promising economic viability with a cost of goods per dose (CoG/dose) range of 0.27–0.43 USD.

CONCLUSION

This study provides insights into the economic considerations of scaling up biocontrol strategies for anthracnose management, offering a framework for future research and decision-making on the large-scale production of agents intended for use as biocontrol in agricultural disease management. © 2025 The Author(s). Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).