A comprehensive review on progression and innovations in microwave assisted extraction technology for essential oils

Abstract

This Review Paper provides a comprehensive analysis of extraction methods for essential oils, focusing particularly on the innovative Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) technology. Essential oils, derived from various plant parts, are highly valued for their aromatic and therapeutic properties, finding applications in industries such as perfumery, aromatherapy, cosmetics, and food flavoring. Traditional extraction methods often face challenges, including prolonged extraction times, excessive solvent usage, and the risk of degrading sensitive compounds. In contrast, MAE has emerged as a superior alternative, offering significant advantages such as expedited extraction processes, reduced solvent consumption, and enhanced preservation of volatile compounds. This study highlights key findings, including the optimal parameters for MAE, such as microwave power, extraction time, and solvent-to-raw material ratios, which collectively influence the yield and quality of essential oils. Notably, findings of this survey, indicates that MAE can achieve up to a 40% increase in essential oil yield compared to conventional methods. The review also discusses the evolution of MAE techniques, from initial simple heating methods to advanced systems incorporating infrared temperature sensors and magnetic stirrers, which improve precision and efficiency. By elucidating these advancements, this paper underscores the transformative impact of MAE on the extraction of essential oils, paving the way for future research and development in this field. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).