Cyclometallated Co(III) Complexes with Lowest-Energy Charge Transfer Excited States Accessible with Visible Light

Abstract

The Co(III) complexes, cis-[Co(ppy)₂(L)]PF₆, where ppy = 2-phenylpyridine and L = bpy (2,2′-bipyridine; 1), phen (1,10-phenanthroline; 2), and DAP (1,12-diazaperylene; 3), are reported and their photophysical properties were investigated to evaluate their potential as sensitizers for applications that include solar energy conversion schemes and photoredox catalysis. Calculations show that cyclometallation in the cis-[Co(ppy)₂(L)]PF₆ series affords strong Co(dπ)/ppy(π) orbital interactions that result in a Co/ppy(π*) highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) localized on the diimine ligand, L(π*). Complexes 1–3 exhibit relatively invariant oxidation potentials, whereas the reduction event is dependent on the identity of the diimine ligand, L, consistent with the theoretical predictions. For 3 a broad Co/ppy(π*) → L(π*) metal/ligand-to-ligand charge transfer (ML-LCT) absorption band is observed in CH₃CN with a maxima at 507 nm, extending beyond 600 nm. Upon excitation of the ¹ML-LCT transition, transient absorption features consistent with the population of a ³ML-LCT excited state with lifetimes, τ, of 3.0 ps, 4.6 and 42 ps for 1, 2 and 3 in CH₃CN respectively are observed. Upon irradiation with 505 nm, 3 is able to reduce methyl viologen (MV²⁺), an electron acceptor commonly in photocatalytic schemes. To our knowledge, 3 represents the first heteroleptic molecular Co(III) complex that combines cyclometallation with a diimine ligand with lowest-lying metal-to-ligand charge transfer excited states able to undergo photoinduced charge transfer with low-energy green light. As such, the structural design of 3 represents an important step toward d⁶ photosensitizers based on earth abundant metals.