Tackling infectious disease outbreak and vaccination misinformation: a community-based strategy in Niger State, Nigeria.

Abstract

Background: While studies might have found misinformation to affect health decision-making, it is not solely responsible; it also plays a role. The rapid spread of misinformation undermines public trust in health systems and interventions, negatively affecting health decisions and exacerbating health crises. Nigeria Health Watch established a Health Misinformation Fellowship programme in this study to combat health misinformation through community-based approaches in Nigeria.

Methods: The fellowship was conducted between August 2023 and January 2024 in Niger State, Nigeria, and combines both in-person and virtual training sessions to equip participants with the skills and knowledge needed to identify, address, and manage health misinformation. The participants were from diverse backgrounds, including media practitioners, civil society organisations, traditional and religious leaders, community leaders, and people with disabilities. The programme included practical community engagement activities and strategic collaborations with state authorities. The evaluation was conducted through pre-and post-test assessments of participants' knowledge levels.

Results: Participants (25) were selected from 45 applicants; 56% were males, and the largest groups of participants were from religious organisations (28%). The pre-test assessment revealed a 31-40% score for respondents, indicating a low level of knowledge, whereas the post-test indicated an improvement, with the highest score ranging from 81 to 100%. Several rumours were identified through community listening and social media monitoring, including misconceptions about vaccines and herbal medications. TV and Radio had the highest media engagement (10,000). The proactive engagement of fellows led to effective interventions and increased awareness within the community.

Conclusions: Community-based approaches were found to be effective at combating health misinformation. The programme developed a sustainable health communication model by resolving issues related to logistics, cultural considerations, and coordination efforts. Lessons learned and strategies established provided a robust framework for future initiatives. Continued efforts to expand the programme and build strong partnerships with learning networks and government agencies are essential for sustainable impact and achieving long-term public health goals.