Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome treatment options eluxadoline, rifaximin, and alosetron: analysis of the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) database.

Abstract

Background: Adverse events (AEs) suspected to be associated with the three FDA approved medications (eluxadoline, rifaximin, and alosetron) for diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) were examined.

Research design and methods: We analyzed all reports in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database from each medication's date of FDA approval through 30 June 2024. Reports were excluded if they contained other suspected medications or had a reason for use outside of IBS and/or diarrhea.

Results: Eluxadoline was associated with 1,002 AEs, most commonly abdominal pain (n = 257, 17.0%) and uniquely pancreatitis (n = 174, 11.5%) and sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (n = 39, 2.6%). Rifaximin was associated with 652 AEs, most commonly abdominal pain (n = 64, 7.6%) and uniquely C.difficile and bacterial overgrowth (n = 3, 0.4% each). Alosetron was associated with 3,832AEs, most commonly constipation (n = 2,007, 23.1%) and uniquely colitis (n = 235,2.7%), ischemic colitis (n = 140, 1.6%), obstruction (n = 110, 1.3%), and perforation (n = 26, 0.3%).

Conclusions: Our analysis of the FAERS database showed frequent reports of abdominal pain, constipation, and nausea/vomiting related to the three FDA approved medications for IBS-D. Each raised concerns for distinct and serious AEs including pancreatitis (eluxadoline), C.difficile infection (rifaximin), ischemic colitis (alosetron), and intestinal obstruction/perforation (alosetron).