Genome-wide identification and transcriptome analysis of the cytochrome P450 genes revealed its potential role in the growth of Flammulina filiformis.

Abstract

Background: The CYP450 family members have been extensively studied in plants, where they play essential roles in metabolism, responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, and the regulation of growth and development. However, their functions in edible fungi remain largely unexplored. Flammulina filiformis, an economically important mushroom, lacks a comprehensive analysis of its CYP450 genes. Therefore, this study aims to identify and characterize the CYP450 gene family in F. filiformis at the genome-wide level, investigate their expression patterns, and explore their potential biological functions, providing valuable insights into their roles in fungal growth and adaptation.

Results: In this study, 59 CYP450 genes, categorizing into 6 distinct clades, were identified within the genome of F. filiformis. Subcellular localization predictions suggested that the majority of these CYP450 genes are located in the endomembrane system. These 59 genes were distributed randomly across 12 chromosomes. Gene duplication analysis revealed the presence of 3 pairs of tandem repeats and 3 pairs of segmental repeat genes. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 861 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ML compared with M, and 3208 DEGs in P compared with ML. The 'oxidoreductase activity' category was significantly enriched in the ML vs. M and P vs. ML comparisons, with CYP450 genes being predominantly represented among the DEGs. Transcriptional expression analysis demonstrated that 4 genes exhibited the highest expression levels in the M sample, 6 genes in the ML sample, and 10 genes in the primordium. Furthermore, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that 11 genes, including HNY6_9861, HNY6_4590, HNY6_1561, HNY6_281, HNY6_12367, HNY6_8704, HNY6_9581, HNY6_8517, HNY6_11881, HNY6_9098 and HNY6_5841, exhibited an increasing trend in expression levels across the lower, middle and upper parts of the stipe in both white and yellow strains. This suggests that CYP450 genes may involved in the elongation of the stipe of F. filiformis.

Conclusions: These results provide a foundation for further exploration of the molecular evolution mechanism and potential functions of the CYP450 genes of F. filiformis in the regulation of growth and development.