Oral Health During Pregnancy

Abstract

Oral health, the health of your teeth and gums, is important before, during, and after pregnancy. Normal changes that occur during pregnancy can affect the teeth and gums. These include hormone changes, nausea and vomiting, and changes in your diet and lifestyle.

During pregnancy, the placenta releases the hormones progesterone and estrogen. The increases in these hormones can cause changes in your mouth. This can lead to swelling or bleeding of the gums, loosening of the teeth, and increases in saliva. Progesterone and estrogen increase the risk of infection, cavities, and damage to the structures that support the teeth. Changes to the immune system during pregnancy increase the chance of infections that can affect the health of teeth and gums. Most issues can be prevented if you take good care of your mouth and will go away after the birth of the baby. However, if you have severe problems with your mouth before pregnancy, they may get worse and need more treatment.

Dental care during pregnancy is safe and recommended to improve oral and general health. Most people don't get the treatment they need. It is also important for your baby's health. Teeth cleaning, dental x-rays, and most dental treatments can be safely done when you are pregnant. Make sure your dentist knows that you are pregnant. If medications for infection or pain are needed, your dentist can prescribe safe choices for you and your baby. Tell your dentist or health care provider about any changes in your mouth, teeth, or gums you have noticed since you became pregnant. Your dentist will determine if x-rays are needed. Your belly should be covered with a lead apron during x-rays to protect you and your baby.

Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level: 6.6

Approved February 2025. This handout replaces “Dental Care in Pregnancy” published in Volume 59, Number 1, January/February 2014 and “Oral Health: Keeping Your Mouth Clean and Healthy” published in Volume 56, Number 2, March/April 2011.

This handout may be reproduced for noncommercial use by health care professionals to share with patients, but modifications to the handout are not permitted. The information and recommendations in this handout are not a substitute for health care. Consult your health care provider for information specific to you and your health.