Dynamic Interchange of Local Residue-Residue Interactions in the Largely Extended Single Alpha-Helix in Drebrin.

Abstract

Single alpha-helices (SAHs) are protein regions with unique mechanical properties, forming long stable monomeric helical structures in solution. To date, only a few naturally occurring SAH regions have been extensively characterized, primarily from myosins, leaving the structural and dynamic variability of SAH regions largely unexplored. Drebrin (developmentally regulated brain protein) contains a predicted SAH segment with unique sequence characteristics, including aromatic residues within the SAH region and a preference for arginine over lysine in its C-terminal half. Using and NMR spectroscopy, combined with SAXS measurements, we demonstrate that the Drebrin-SAH is helical and monomeric in solution. NMR resonance assignment required specific 4D techniques to resolve severe signal overlap resulting from the low complexity and largely helical conformation of the sequence. To further characterize its structure, we generated a structural ensemble consistent with Cα, Cβ chemical shifts and SAXS data, revealing a primarily extended structure with non-uniform helicity. Our results suggest that dynamic rearrangement of salt bridges and potential transient cation-π interactions contribute to the formation and stabilization of both helical and non-helical local conformational states.