Advances in Wet Electrospinning: Rich Morphology and Promising Applications

Abstract

Electrospinning is a straightforward and adaptable technique for creating ultrafine fibers with distinctive chemical and physical characteristics, making them widely applicable across diverse fields. The applications depend on the richness of the morphology and structure of the electrospun fibers and adjustability of the surface properties. Traditional electrospinning is a dry process, with a solid collector, which has limited control over the fiber morphology and structure. Wet electrospinning replaces the traditional solid collector with a liquid coagulation bath, which can yield fibers with porous, bending, and twisting structures. In addition, the fiber surface can be modified and functionalized to prepare continuous nanofiber yarn, which considerably improves the performance of electrospun fibers in some applications. Wet electrospinning promotes the industrial production of electrospun fibers in the textile fields. Therefore, in view of the rapid development of wet electrospinning in the past few years, this paper briefly reviews the recent advances, including the basic principles, device modifications, novel morphologies and structures, and material and product applications. The study explores the research prospects and future development potential of wet electrospinning based on a careful review from the perspective of different application fields.

Graphical Abstract