Reprogram to heal: Macrophage phenotypes as living therapeutics

IF 5.2 2区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL

Life sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI:10.1016/j.lfs.2025.123601

Sheyda Ghamangiz , Abbas Jafari , Hadi Maleki-Kakelar , Hadi Azimi , Ebrahim Mazloomi

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Abstract

Macrophages represent a crucial cell type within the immune system, exhibiting significant adaptability that allows for the transformation into various phenotypes in response to their surrounding environment. This review investigates the characteristics of various macrophage phenotypes and their functional roles in disease pathogenesis and resolution. The M1 phenotype, recognized for its inflammatory attributes, plays a pivotal role in combating infections and tumors; however, it may also contribute to tissue injury, persistent inflammation, and the pathogenesis of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Conversely, the M2 phenotype is associated with anti-inflammatory activities and tissue repair processes. But this is not the end of the story and researches illustrated novel phenotypes that may provide new approaches and therapeutic opportunities. Recent progress in characterizing distinct macrophage phenotypes has enabled the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for chronic inflammatory conditions, autoimmune disorders, and cancers. This review underscores the critical role of macrophage polarization, illustrating how various stimuli can influence macrophage fate and modify their responses. Additionally, it explores the implications of macrophage plasticity on disease progression and treatment efficacy. A comprehensive understanding of these dynamics is essential for the advancement of targeted immunotherapies, which possess the potential to transform treatment strategies for a variety of medical conditions.

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重编程治疗：巨噬细胞表型作为活疗法

巨噬细胞是免疫系统中的一种重要细胞类型，表现出显著的适应性，可以根据周围环境转化为各种表型。本文综述了各种巨噬细胞表型的特点及其在疾病发病和解决中的功能作用。M1表型以其炎症属性而闻名，在对抗感染和肿瘤中起着关键作用；然而，它也可能导致组织损伤、持续炎症以及自身免疫性和炎症性疾病的发病机制。相反，M2表型与抗炎活性和组织修复过程有关。但这并不是故事的结尾，研究表明新的表现型可能提供新的方法和治疗机会。巨噬细胞表型特征的最新研究进展促进了慢性炎症、自身免疫性疾病和癌症的创新治疗策略的发展。这篇综述强调了巨噬细胞极化的关键作用，说明了各种刺激如何影响巨噬细胞的命运并改变它们的反应。此外，它还探讨了巨噬细胞可塑性对疾病进展和治疗效果的影响。全面了解这些动态对于靶向免疫疗法的进步至关重要，靶向免疫疗法具有改变各种医疗条件的治疗策略的潜力。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Life sciences 医学-药学

CiteScore

12.20

自引率

1.60%

发文量

841

审稿时长

6 months

期刊介绍： Life Sciences is an international journal publishing articles that emphasize the molecular, cellular, and functional basis of therapy. The journal emphasizes the understanding of mechanism that is relevant to all aspects of human disease and translation to patients. All articles are rigorously reviewed. The Journal favors publication of full-length papers where modern scientific technologies are used to explain molecular, cellular and physiological mechanisms. Articles that merely report observations are rarely accepted. Recommendations from the Declaration of Helsinki or NIH guidelines for care and use of laboratory animals must be adhered to. Articles should be written at a level accessible to readers who are non-specialists in the topic of the article themselves, but who are interested in the research. The Journal welcomes reviews on topics of wide interest to investigators in the life sciences. We particularly encourage submission of brief, focused reviews containing high-quality artwork and require the use of mechanistic summary diagrams.