Global, Regional, and National Temporal Trend and Patterns of Change in the Burden of Asthma From 1990 to 2021: An Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

IF 2.9 4区医学 Q2 Medicine

Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology Pub Date : 2025-04-05 DOI:10.1111/1440-1681.70039

Shuyi Mu, Yu Wang, Jie Cui, Linjin Chen, Lei Qiu, Cui Li, Yuwei Jiang, Zhenhui Lu, Zifeng Ma

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Abstract

Background

Asthma presents a significant challenge to the global healthcare systems and imposes a heavy socioeconomic burden. Previous studies had geographical limitations and lacked comprehensive global analysis. The study utilises data from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study to assess the global, regional, and national burden of asthma from 1990 to 2021. It examines disease trends, highlights health inequalities and aims to provide scientific evidence for future public health strategies and the optimisation of resource allocation.

Methods

Data from GBD 2021 were used to estimate the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of asthma across 21 global regions and 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. Temporal trends were analysed, and the relationship between asthma burden and the socio-demographic index (SDI) was examined using a smoothing spline model. Analyses included the slope index of inequality and the concentration index to assess health disparities, frontier analysis to estimate achievable outcomes based on development levels, and decomposition analysis to identify the drivers of changes in DALYs number.

Results

Over the past three decades, the age-standardised burden of asthma has declined, with age-standardised mortality and DALY rates decreasing by 46% and 44%, respectively. However, the absolute number of deaths has increased by 17%, particularly among females, especially in low and low-middle SDI regions. Significant health inequalities persist, with high-SDI regions benefiting from better asthma control, while low-SDI regions face disproportionate burdens due to healthcare disparities. Frontier analysis highlights gaps between current and optimal disease burden levels, while low-SDI regions require increased investment in asthma control. Aging, population growth, and epidemiological changes are key drivers of asthma burden trends. High body mass index (BMI) remains the leading risk factor, while smoking and occupational exposures continue to contribute significantly.

Conclusions

The global burden of asthma has declined, yet significant regional disparities persist, with low-SDI regions experiencing higher mortality and DALYs due to limited healthcare access and environmental risks. High BMI, smoking and occupational exposures remain key contributors, requiring targeted public health interventions and lifestyle modifications.

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1990年至2021年全球、地区和国家哮喘负担的时间趋势和变化模式：对2021年全球疾病负担研究的分析

哮喘对全球卫生保健系统提出了重大挑战，并造成了沉重的社会经济负担。以往的研究有地理局限性，缺乏全面的全球分析。该研究利用2021年全球疾病负担（GBD）研究的数据来评估1990年至2021年全球、区域和国家哮喘负担。它审查疾病趋势，强调卫生不平等现象，旨在为未来的公共卫生战略和优化资源分配提供科学证据。方法使用GBD 2021的数据来估计1990年至2021年全球21个地区和204个国家和地区的哮喘发病率、患病率、死亡率和残疾调整生命年（DALYs）。分析了时间趋势，并使用平滑样条模型检验了哮喘负担与社会人口指数（SDI）之间的关系。分析包括评估健康差距的不平等斜率指数和集中指数，根据发展水平估计可实现的结果的前沿分析，以及确定DALYs数量变化驱动因素的分解分析。结果在过去的30年里，哮喘年龄标准化负担有所下降，年龄标准化死亡率和DALY分别下降了46%和44%。然而，死亡的绝对人数增加了17%，特别是在女性中，特别是在低和中低SDI地区。严重的卫生不平等仍然存在，高sdi地区受益于更好的哮喘控制，而低sdi地区由于卫生保健差异而面临不成比例的负担。前沿分析强调了当前和最佳疾病负担水平之间的差距，而低sdi地区需要增加对哮喘控制的投资。老龄化、人口增长和流行病学变化是哮喘负担趋势的主要驱动因素。高身体质量指数（BMI）仍然是主要的风险因素，而吸烟和职业暴露仍然是主要因素。结论：全球哮喘负担有所下降，但显著的地区差异仍然存在，低sdi地区由于医疗保健可及性和环境风险有限，死亡率和DALYs更高。高BMI、吸烟和职业暴露仍然是主要致病因素，需要有针对性的公共卫生干预和改变生活方式。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 医学-生理学

CiteScore

6.20

自引率

0.00%

发文量

128

审稿时长

6 months

期刊介绍： Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology is an international journal founded in 1974 by Mike Rand, Austin Doyle, John Coghlan and Paul Korner. Our focus is new frontiers in physiology and pharmacology, emphasizing the translation of basic research to clinical practice. We publish original articles, invited reviews and our exciting, cutting-edge Frontiers-in-Research series’.