Leiyang Xu;Xiaolong Zheng;Xinrun Du;Liang Liu;Huadong Ma
{"title":"WiCamera: Vortex Electromagnetic Wave-Based WiFi Imaging","authors":"Leiyang Xu;Xiaolong Zheng;Xinrun Du;Liang Liu;Huadong Ma","doi":"10.1109/TMC.2024.3519623","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Current WiFi imaging approaches focus on monitoring dynamic targets to facilitate easy object distinction and capture rich signal reflections for image construction. In static object imaging, massive antenna array or emulated antenna array is often necessary. We propose <i>WiCamera</i>, a novel WiFi imaging prototype that utilizes vortex electromagnetic waves (VEMWs) to monitor stationary human postures using commodity WiFi, by generating human silhouettes with only <inline-formula><tex-math>$3 \\times 3$</tex-math></inline-formula> MIMO. VEMWs possess a helical wavefront with different phase variations, enabling the imaging of stationary objects through different OAM (Orbital Angular Momentum) modes with time-division multiplexing. <i>WiCamera</i> emits three OAM modes waves from WiFi devices and utilizes their phase variations for imaging. By ray tracing the received signals to a target image plane, <i>WiCamera</i> generates a wavefront image. A generative adversarial network (GAN)-based model is further utilized to refine the wavefront image and create a high-resolution human silhouette. The system's output images are evaluated using metrics such as structural similarity index measure (SSIM) and Szymkiewicz-Simpson coefficient (SSC), comparing them to ground truth images captured by cameras. The evaluation shows that <i>WiCamera</i> performs consistently well in various environments and with different users, with an SSIM reaching up to 0.89 and an SSC reaching up to 0.93.","PeriodicalId":50389,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","volume":"24 5","pages":"3633-3649"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","FirstCategoryId":"94","ListUrlMain":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10806892/","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Current WiFi imaging approaches focus on monitoring dynamic targets to facilitate easy object distinction and capture rich signal reflections for image construction. In static object imaging, massive antenna array or emulated antenna array is often necessary. We propose WiCamera, a novel WiFi imaging prototype that utilizes vortex electromagnetic waves (VEMWs) to monitor stationary human postures using commodity WiFi, by generating human silhouettes with only $3 \times 3$ MIMO. VEMWs possess a helical wavefront with different phase variations, enabling the imaging of stationary objects through different OAM (Orbital Angular Momentum) modes with time-division multiplexing. WiCamera emits three OAM modes waves from WiFi devices and utilizes their phase variations for imaging. By ray tracing the received signals to a target image plane, WiCamera generates a wavefront image. A generative adversarial network (GAN)-based model is further utilized to refine the wavefront image and create a high-resolution human silhouette. The system's output images are evaluated using metrics such as structural similarity index measure (SSIM) and Szymkiewicz-Simpson coefficient (SSC), comparing them to ground truth images captured by cameras. The evaluation shows that WiCamera performs consistently well in various environments and with different users, with an SSIM reaching up to 0.89 and an SSC reaching up to 0.93.
期刊介绍:
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing addresses key technical issues related to various aspects of mobile computing. This includes (a) architectures, (b) support services, (c) algorithm/protocol design and analysis, (d) mobile environments, (e) mobile communication systems, (f) applications, and (g) emerging technologies. Topics of interest span a wide range, covering aspects like mobile networks and hosts, mobility management, multimedia, operating system support, power management, online and mobile environments, security, scalability, reliability, and emerging technologies such as wearable computers, body area networks, and wireless sensor networks. The journal serves as a comprehensive platform for advancements in mobile computing research.