Synergistic carbon source utilization in Biofloc aquaculture of common carp (Cyprinus carpio): impacts on growth, health, and environmental parameters

IF 2.8 2区生物学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Frontiers in Marine Science Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI:10.3389/fmars.2025.1576079

Nandini Rai, J. M. Julka, Akshaya Panigrahi, Sofia Priyadarsani Das

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

IntroductionBiofloc technology (BFT) offers a sustainable approach to aquaculture by enhancing water quality and nutrient utilization. This study investigated the effects of varying carbon-to-nitrogen ratios, achieved through different combinations of jaggery and corn flour, rice flour, or rice bran, on the growth performance, body composition, histological health, and immune response of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings in a BFT system.MethodsA 90-day experiment was conducted using common carp fingerlings, where different groups were fed diets supplemented with jaggery in combination with either corn flour, rice flour, or rice bran, creating varying C:N ratios. Water quality parameters, Biofloc volume, growth performance (final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate), body composition (crude protein, crude lipid), histological analysis of liver and intestine, Biofloc morphology, and immune-related gene expression were assessed.ResultsThe addition of carbon sources, particularly jaggery and rice flour, significantly improved water quality by reducing total ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, and nitrate levels, and increasing Biofloc volume. The jaggery and rice flour group exhibited the highest final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, and levels of crude protein and crude lipid. Histological analysis showed improved hepatic and intestinal health in this group. Biofloc morphology varied, with rod shapes observed in the jaggery and rice flour group and spherical peanut shapes in the jaggery and corn flour group. The jaggery and rice flour group also demonstrated elevated expression of immune-related genes.DiscussionThe combination of jaggery and rice flour provided an optimal C:N ratio, leading to enhanced water quality, improved growth performance, better body composition, healthier histological structure, and a strengthened immune response in common carp fingerlings. The unique Biofloc morphology and increased immune gene expression observed in this group suggest a synergistic effect of jaggery and rice flour in promoting a robust and efficient BFT system for common carp aquaculture.

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鲤生物絮群养殖中协同碳源利用：对生长、健康和环境参数的影响

生物絮团技术（BFT）通过提高水质和养分利用率，为水产养殖提供了一种可持续的方法。本研究研究了不同碳氮比（通过不同组合的粗磨粉和玉米粉、米粉或米糠）对鲤鱼（Cyprinus carpio）鱼种在BFT系统中的生长性能、体成分、组织健康和免疫反应的影响。方法采用鲤鱼鱼种进行90 d试验，在饲料中分别添加玉米粉、米粉或米糠，形成不同的碳氮比。评估水质参数、生物絮团体积、生长性能（末重、增重、特定生长率）、体组成（粗蛋白质、粗脂肪）、肝脏和肠道组织学分析、生物絮团形态和免疫相关基因表达。结果碳源的添加，特别是粗粉和米粉的添加，通过降低总氨氮、亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐水平，增加生物絮团体积，显著改善了水质。粗粉组和米粉组的末重、增重、特定生长率以及粗蛋白质和粗脂肪水平均最高。组织学分析显示，该组肝脏和肠道健康得到改善。生物絮团形态各异，锯齿和米粉组呈棒状，锯齿和玉米粉组呈球形花生状。砂糖和米粉组也表现出免疫相关基因的表达升高。讨论粗粉与米粉的组合可提供最佳的C:N比，从而改善鲤鱼鱼种水质、提高生长性能、改善体成分、健康组织结构并增强免疫反应。在这一群体中观察到的独特的生物絮团形态和增加的免疫基因表达表明，jaggery和米粉在促进鲤鱼养殖中强健和高效的BFT系统方面具有协同作用。

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来源期刊

Frontiers in Marine Science Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Aquatic Science

CiteScore

5.10

自引率

16.20%

发文量

2443

审稿时长

14 weeks

期刊介绍： Frontiers in Marine Science publishes rigorously peer-reviewed research that advances our understanding of all aspects of the environment, biology, ecosystem functioning and human interactions with the oceans. Field Chief Editor Carlos M. Duarte at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal is supported by an outstanding Editorial Board of international researchers. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to researchers, academics, policy makers and the public worldwide. With the human population predicted to reach 9 billion people by 2050, it is clear that traditional land resources will not suffice to meet the demand for food or energy, required to support high-quality livelihoods. As a result, the oceans are emerging as a source of untapped assets, with new innovative industries, such as aquaculture, marine biotechnology, marine energy and deep-sea mining growing rapidly under a new era characterized by rapid growth of a blue, ocean-based economy. The sustainability of the blue economy is closely dependent on our knowledge about how to mitigate the impacts of the multiple pressures on the ocean ecosystem associated with the increased scale and diversification of industry operations in the ocean and global human pressures on the environment. Therefore, Frontiers in Marine Science particularly welcomes the communication of research outcomes addressing ocean-based solutions for the emerging challenges, including improved forecasting and observational capacities, understanding biodiversity and ecosystem problems, locally and globally, effective management strategies to maintain ocean health, and an improved capacity to sustainably derive resources from the oceans.