Associations between brominated flame retardants, including polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and immune responses among women in the California Teachers Study.

Frontiers in epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-03-19 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.3389/fepid.2025.1452934
Emily L Cauble, Peggy Reynolds, Marta Epeldegui, Priyanthi S Dassanayake, Larry Magpantay, Daniel Blyakher, Pratima Regmi, Julie Von Behren, Otoniel Martinez-Maza, Debbie Goldberg, Emma S Spielfogel, James V Lacey, Sophia S Wang
{"title":"Associations between brominated flame retardants, including polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and immune responses among women in the California Teachers Study.","authors":"Emily L Cauble, Peggy Reynolds, Marta Epeldegui, Priyanthi S Dassanayake, Larry Magpantay, Daniel Blyakher, Pratima Regmi, Julie Von Behren, Otoniel Martinez-Maza, Debbie Goldberg, Emma S Spielfogel, James V Lacey, Sophia S Wang","doi":"10.3389/fepid.2025.1452934","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the associations between brominated flame retardants (BFRs), including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), exposure and circulating immune markers in a subset of women from the California Teachers Study cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, serum from 813 female participants in the California Teachers Study collected in 2013-2016 were evaluated for 11 BFR congeners and 16 immune markers. Three BFR congeners [BDE153 [2,2',4,4',5,5'-Hexabromodiphenyl ether], BDE47 [2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether], PBB153 [2,2',4,4',5,5'-Hexabromobiphenyl]] had median levels that were above the level of detection and were further evaluated for associations with circulating immune markers. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by a logistic regression model where BFR congeners (in quartiles) were associated with immune markers (dichotomized as above and below the respective median), adjusted for age and total lipids. Sensitivity analyses were also conducted evaluating BFR congeners as a continuous exposure (per pg/ml).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All participants had at least one of the 11 measured BFR congeners detected in their serum. Increasing levels of BDE47 were associated with elevated levels of BAFF (B-cell activating factor; OR<sub>Quartile 4</sub> = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.11-2.51), soluble CD27 (sCD27, cluster of differentiation 27; OR<sub>Quartile 4</sub> = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.12-2.55) and IL6 (interleukin 6; OR<sub>Quartile 4</sub> = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.13-2.66). Increasing levels of PBB153 were associated with elevated levels of CXCL13 (chemokine ligand 13; OR<sub>Quartile 4</sub> = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.02-2.35) but inversely associated with sCD27 (OR<sub>Quartile 4</sub> = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.38-0.87). Results from continuous models of BFR were largely consistent. No associations were observed between BDE153 and any of the immune markers assessed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Two BFR congeners were statistically associated with altered levels of circulating immune markers involved in B cell activation pathways; replication and further evaluation of these novel associations are warranted. If confirmed, our results add to the current literature regarding possible immune mechanisms by which BFR exposures contribute to immune-related health endpoints and conditions where B cell activation is prominent, including autoimmune conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":73083,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in epidemiology","volume":"5 ","pages":"1452934"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11962006/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Frontiers in epidemiology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fepid.2025.1452934","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the associations between brominated flame retardants (BFRs), including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), exposure and circulating immune markers in a subset of women from the California Teachers Study cohort.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, serum from 813 female participants in the California Teachers Study collected in 2013-2016 were evaluated for 11 BFR congeners and 16 immune markers. Three BFR congeners [BDE153 [2,2',4,4',5,5'-Hexabromodiphenyl ether], BDE47 [2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether], PBB153 [2,2',4,4',5,5'-Hexabromobiphenyl]] had median levels that were above the level of detection and were further evaluated for associations with circulating immune markers. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by a logistic regression model where BFR congeners (in quartiles) were associated with immune markers (dichotomized as above and below the respective median), adjusted for age and total lipids. Sensitivity analyses were also conducted evaluating BFR congeners as a continuous exposure (per pg/ml).

Results: All participants had at least one of the 11 measured BFR congeners detected in their serum. Increasing levels of BDE47 were associated with elevated levels of BAFF (B-cell activating factor; ORQuartile 4 = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.11-2.51), soluble CD27 (sCD27, cluster of differentiation 27; ORQuartile 4 = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.12-2.55) and IL6 (interleukin 6; ORQuartile 4 = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.13-2.66). Increasing levels of PBB153 were associated with elevated levels of CXCL13 (chemokine ligand 13; ORQuartile 4 = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.02-2.35) but inversely associated with sCD27 (ORQuartile 4 = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.38-0.87). Results from continuous models of BFR were largely consistent. No associations were observed between BDE153 and any of the immune markers assessed.

Conclusions: Two BFR congeners were statistically associated with altered levels of circulating immune markers involved in B cell activation pathways; replication and further evaluation of these novel associations are warranted. If confirmed, our results add to the current literature regarding possible immune mechanisms by which BFR exposures contribute to immune-related health endpoints and conditions where B cell activation is prominent, including autoimmune conditions.

求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信