Tobacco package health warnings about product manipulations: an experimental study among Australian adults who smoke.

IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q2 HEALTH POLICY & SERVICES
Emily Brennan, Claudia Gascoyne, Kimberley Dunstone, Amanda Vittiglia, Gayathri Srinivasan, James F Thrasher, Janet Hoek, Melanie Wakefield, Sarah Durkin
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Abstract

The tobacco industry manipulates cigarettes to provide sensory cues that mislead people who smoke. We assessed the effectiveness of health warnings (HWs) focussed on the impact of misleading product attributes, including filter ventilation, menthol, and roll-your-own tobacco, which were called Product Attribute HWs. Australian adults who smoke (n = 2544) were randomly assigned to view: control medication warnings; new Standard HWs with smoking harm images; Product Attribute HWs; or Product Attribute HWs plus a video. At baseline, participants were exposed to seven condition-specific warnings (+ video for those in the Product Attribute HWs + Video condition), then they were potentially re-exposed to one warning daily for 7 days (+ up to six video viewings). Participants (n = 1414) were followed-up at 8 days. Compared to controls, exposure to Product Attribute HWs elicited: greater increases in concern when inhaling smoke with misleading favourable (e.g. smooth) and unfavourable (e.g. harsh) sensory cues; greater knowledge of industry manipulation; greater self-centric and industry-centric negative emotions; higher product-specific smoking dissonance; and a higher likelihood of past-week rumination about HWs. Compared to Standard HWs, Product Attribute HWs elicited greater knowledge of product manipulation and industry-centric negative emotions, but similar self-centric negative emotions and past-week rumination about warnings. Only the Product Attribute HWs + Video condition resulted in greater discussion and online information-seeking about warnings. Product Attribute HWs that challenge long-standing myths fostered by tobacco companies yield many similar outcomes to Standard HWs but also provide unique beneficial outcomes. Nations should consider including Product Attribute HWs in their suites of tobacco HWs.

烟草行业操纵香烟提供感官线索,误导吸烟者。我们评估了健康警示(HWs)的效果,这些健康警示侧重于误导性产品属性的影响,包括过滤嘴通风、薄荷醇和卷烟,我们称之为产品属性健康警示。澳大利亚吸烟成年人(n = 2544)被随机分配观看:对照药物警示;带有吸烟危害图片的新标准健康警示;产品属性健康警示;或产品属性健康警示加视频。在基线期,参与者会看到七条特定条件下的警示(产品属性健康警示+视频条件下的参与者会看到视频),然后他们有可能在7天内每天再次看到一条警示(+最多六次视频观看)。对参与者(n = 1414)进行了为期 8 天的跟踪调查。与对照组相比,暴露于产品属性健康警示会引起:在吸入具有误导性的有利(如顺滑)和不利(如刺鼻)感官线索的烟雾时,更多的担忧会增加;对行业操纵有更多的了解;更多以自我为中心和以行业为中心的负面情绪;更高的特定产品吸烟失调;以及过去一周对健康警示产生反刍的可能性更高。与标准健康警示相比,产品属性健康警示引起了更多关于产品操纵的知识和以行业为中心的负面情绪,但与以自我为中心的负面情绪和过去一周对健康警示的反刍相似。只有 "产品属性视听 "+"视频 "条件才会引起更多关于警告的讨论和在线信息搜索。产品属性健康知识挑战了烟草公司长期以来制造的迷思,产生了许多与标准健康知识类似的结果,但也提供了独特的有益结果。各国应考虑将产品特征健康知识纳入其烟草健康知识体系。
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来源期刊
Health Promotion International
Health Promotion International Medicine-Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
7.40%
发文量
146
期刊介绍: Health Promotion International contains refereed original articles, reviews, and debate articles on major themes and innovations in the health promotion field. In line with the remits of the series of global conferences on health promotion the journal expressly invites contributions from sectors beyond health. These may include education, employment, government, the media, industry, environmental agencies, and community networks. As the thought journal of the international health promotion movement we seek in particular theoretical, methodological and activist advances to the field. Thus, the journal provides a unique focal point for articles of high quality that describe not only theories and concepts, research projects and policy formulation, but also planned and spontaneous activities, organizational change, as well as social and environmental development.
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