New Approaches to Perinatal Depression.

Abstract

Perinatal Depression (PD) is one of the most common complications of pregnancy and childbirth affecting as many as 1 out of 5 women in high income countries. The prevalence is even higher in low- and middle-income countries. Untreated PD can result in serious short-term and long-term negative effects on both the mother and newborn including adverse perinatal outcomes and negatively impacting mother-infant bonding, breastfeeding, and child neurocognitive development. Therefore, evaluation of the current standard of treatment is necessary. Historically, PD has lacked effective evidenced-based treatment guidelines. Current first-line treatment options include psychotherapy, psychopharmacology or both, but lack specificity regarding good clinical practice guidelines. New approaches consist of a combination of early screening, preventative psychoeducation, optimizing timely diagnosis, and novel synergistic psychotherapy and psychopharmacology approaches to provide a comprehensive therapeutic approach. Future initiatives and research should evaluate improving screening tools, enhancing patient engagement, and explore the efficacy of therapy utilizing multiple treatment modalities, to refine good clinical practice guidelines.