Addressing the unregulated use of nitrous oxide canisters

Abstract

The recreational misuse of nitrous oxide has been increasing globally, with reports showing a rise from 10 % in 2015 to 20 % in 2021. In the United States, misuse has been steadily rising since 2010, and from 2023 to 2024, there was a 58 % increase in intentional nitrous oxide exposure reports. Small canisters marketed under names such as Galaxy Gas are often sold with minimal regulation, contributing to health risks, including oxygen deprivation, neurological damage, and even death. Nitrous oxide abuse can cause hypoxia, dizziness, unconsciousness, nerve damage, cognitive impairments, and fatal asphyxiation. The lack of regulation in its sale—especially for non-industrial and non-culinary purposes—has facilitated its widespread recreational use. Current legislation is insufficient, with loopholes allowing easy access, especially for young people. Stricter regulations, including age restrictions, licensing, and enhanced monitoring of online sales, are necessary to address this growing public health issue.