The model multiple: Representing cancer in sub-Saharan Africa.

IF 0.8 2区 历史学 Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Jennifer Fraser, David Reubi, Thandeka Cochrane
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Over the past half-century, modelling has come to play an increasingly important role in cancer research. These representational tools frame perceptions of malignant disease, guide public health responses, and help determine which interventions are necessary. But what makes a cancer model a model? What authority do they have? What stories do they tell? And how do they shape our understanding of disease and bodies? To shed light on these questions, this article explores the long history of cancer modelling in sub-Saharan Africa: a place where malignant disease has often been imagined as different, and where experimentation and improvisation in cancer research and treatment has been rife. Drawing on archival and ethnographic sources, we examine modelling strategies that health professionals have used to generate information about cancer in Africa from the mid 20th century to the present day. Focusing on three different case studies - anatomical models of Burkitt's lymphoma patients, diagnostic models for Kaposi sarcoma, and statistical models of the African smoking and lung cancer epidemic - we meditate on the multiplicity of models and modelling by identifying the epistemic strands that hold these representations together, as well as what sets them apart. In addition to contributing to discussions of how cancer research has taken shape beyond the Anglo-American realm, our article helps expand and complicate our understandings of what a disease model is.

模型倍数:代表撒哈拉以南非洲的癌症。
在过去的半个世纪里,模型在癌症研究中扮演着越来越重要的角色。这些代表性工具构成了对恶性疾病的认识,指导公共卫生反应,并帮助确定哪些干预措施是必要的。但是是什么让一个癌症模型成为一个模型呢?他们有什么权力?他们讲了什么故事?它们又如何影响我们对疾病和身体的理解?为了阐明这些问题,本文探讨了撒哈拉以南非洲地区癌症建模的悠久历史:在那里,恶性疾病经常被认为是不同的,在那里,癌症研究和治疗的实验和即兴创作一直很普遍。利用档案和人种学资料,我们研究了从20世纪中期到现在,卫生专业人员用来生成非洲癌症信息的建模策略。关注三个不同的案例研究——伯基特淋巴瘤患者的解剖模型、卡波西肉瘤的诊断模型以及非洲吸烟和肺癌流行的统计模型——我们通过识别将这些表征结合在一起的认知链,以及将它们区分开来的知识链,来思考模型和建模的多样性。除了讨论癌症研究是如何在英美之外形成的,我们的文章还有助于扩展和复杂化我们对疾病模型的理解。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
History of the Human Sciences
History of the Human Sciences 综合性期刊-科学史与科学哲学
CiteScore
1.60
自引率
11.10%
发文量
31
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: History of the Human Sciences aims to expand our understanding of the human world through a broad interdisciplinary approach. The journal will bring you critical articles from sociology, psychology, anthropology and politics, and link their interests with those of philosophy, literary criticism, art history, linguistics, psychoanalysis, aesthetics and law.
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