A Case-Control Study on Risk Factors and Outcomes in Congestive Heart Failure.

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q3 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS

Reviews in cardiovascular medicine Pub Date : 2025-03-24 eCollection Date: 2025-03-01 DOI:10.31083/RCM26601

Mohammad Shakil Ahmad, Abdulrahman Obaid Matar Alharbi, Abdullah Tawakul, Abdulrahman Mohammed Alturiqy, Mansour Alzahrani, Riyaz Ahamed Shaik

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Congestive heart failure (CHF) represents an important health issue characterised by considerable morbidity and mortality. This study sought to identify risk factors for CHF and to evaluate clinical outcomes between CHF patients and control subjects.

Methods: Data were obtained through interviews, physical examinations, and medical records. Risk variables encompassed hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, tobacco use, alcohol use, sedentary lifestyle, dietary practices, age, gender, and familial history of cardiovascular disease. The outcomes were all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, hospitalisation, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), quality of life as measured by the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ), and functional level according to the New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification. Statistical analyses including t-tests, Chi-square tests, logistic regression and Cox regression.

Results: The findings indicated that hypertension (71.8% vs. 38.5%, p < 0.001), diabetes (47.9% vs. 28.2%, p = 0.002), dyslipidaemia (54.7% vs. 41.0%, p = 0.04), smoking (42.7% vs. 29.1%, p = 0.03), and physical inactivity (65.8% vs. 41.9%, p < 0.001) were more prevalent in cases. Cases exhibited increased hospitalisations (1.8 ± 1.2 vs. 0.7 ± 0.9, p < 0.001), prolonged stays (10.5 ± 5.4 vs. 6.2 ± 3.8 days, p < 0.001), elevated 30-day rehospitalisation rates (21.4% vs. 8.5%, p = 0.007), and a greater incidence of intensive care units (ICU) admissions (17.1% vs. 6.0%, p = 0.01). All-cause mortality (35.9% vs. 17.1%, p = 0.001), cardiovascular mortality (25.6% vs. 10.3%, p = 0.003), and MACE (51.3% vs. 25.6%, p < 0.001) were greater in cases. Quality of life (45.8 ± 12.4 vs. 25.6 ± 10.3, p < 0.001) and functional status (55.6% vs. 23.9%, p < 0.001) were inferior in cases.

Conclusion: CHF patients had greater rates of modifiable risk variables and worse clinical outcomes than controls, underscoring the necessity for comprehensive risk management.

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充血性心力衰竭危险因素及预后的病例对照研究。

背景：充血性心力衰竭（CHF）是一种重要的健康问题，具有相当高的发病率和死亡率。本研究旨在确定CHF的危险因素，并评估CHF患者和对照组之间的临床结果。方法：通过访谈、体格检查和病历资料获取资料。风险变量包括高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、吸烟、饮酒、久坐不动的生活方式、饮食习惯、年龄、性别和心血管疾病家族史。结果为全因死亡率、心血管死亡率、住院率、主要心血管不良事件（MACE）、明尼苏达州心衰患者生活问卷（MLHFQ）测量的生活质量，以及纽约心脏协会（NYHA）分类的功能水平。统计分析包括t检验、卡方检验、逻辑回归和Cox回归。结果：高血压（71.8%比38.5%,p < 0.001）、糖尿病（47.9%比28.2%,p = 0.002）、血脂异常（54.7%比41.0%,p = 0.04）、吸烟（42.7%比29.1%,p = 0.03）、缺乏运动（65.8%比41.9%,p < 0.001）患病率较高。患者住院次数增加（1.8±1.2比0.7±0.9,p < 0.001），住院时间延长（10.5±5.4比6.2±3.8天，p < 0.001）， 30天再住院率增加（21.4%比8.5%,p = 0.007），重症监护病房（ICU）入院率增加（17.1%比6.0%,p = 0.01）。病例的全因死亡率（35.9%比17.1%,p = 0.001）、心血管死亡率（25.6%比10.3%,p = 0.003）和MACE（51.3%比25.6%,p < 0.001）更高。患者的生活质量（45.8±12.4比25.6±10.3,p < 0.001）和功能状态（55.6%比23.9%,p < 0.001）较差。结论：与对照组相比，CHF患者可修改风险变量的发生率更高，临床结果更差，强调了全面风险管理的必要性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Reviews in cardiovascular medicine 医学-心血管系统

CiteScore

2.70

自引率

3.70%

发文量

377

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： RCM is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal. RCM publishes research articles, review papers and short communications on cardiovascular medicine as well as research on cardiovascular disease. We aim to provide a forum for publishing papers which explore the pathogenesis and promote the progression of cardiac and vascular diseases. We also seek to establish an interdisciplinary platform, focusing on translational issues, to facilitate the advancement of research, clinical treatment and diagnostic procedures. Heart surgery, cardiovascular imaging, risk factors and various clinical cardiac & vascular research will be considered.