Comparison of appearance dissatisfaction and appearance-related social discomfort among people with systemic sclerosis and burn injury.

Abstract

Introduction/objective: Visible differences from medical conditions and injuries are associated with body image concerns, particularly among females and young adults. We compared dissatisfaction with appearance and social discomfort between people with systemic sclerosis and burn injury, since the extent and implications of appearance changes are well-established in burn injury.

Methods: We searched PubMed, PsycInfo, EMBASE, and CINAHL to 8 December 2024 for studies that used the Satisfaction with Appearance Scale among adults with burn injury or systemic sclerosis. We emailed study authors and requested Satisfaction with Appearance Scale Dissatisfaction with Appearance and Social Discomfort subscale means and standard deviations for subgroups defined by sex (female, male) and age (18-44 years, 45-64 years, ⩾ 65 years). For each subgroup, we conducted a random-effects meta-analysis to estimate the difference between mean scores for people with burn injury and systemic sclerosis.

Results: We identified 17 eligible studies from nine unique cohorts. We obtained subgroup results from two of three eligible burn cohorts (2658 participants, 98% of total eligible) and five of six eligible systemic sclerosis cohorts (3402 participants, 99% of total eligible participants). Dissatisfaction with Appearance subscale scores were higher among people with systemic sclerosis compared to burn injury by 2.2 to 5.7 points (standardized mean difference = 0.20 to 0.53) for females and males across all age groups (p < 0.05 for males aged 18-44 and 45-64 years). For social discomfort, differences were close to zero (standardized mean difference < 0.10) for females aged 18-44 and 45-64 years. For females aged ⩾ 65 years and all male age groups, scores were higher in systemic sclerosis than burn injury (standardized mean difference = 0.22 to 0.45), although none were statistically significant.

Conclusion: Dissatisfaction with appearance and social discomfort appear to be similar or greater among people with systemic sclerosis compared to people who have been hospitalized with a burn injury.