Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in persons with venous thromboembolism aged 50 years or younger

Blood Vessels, Thrombosis & Hemostasis Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI:10.1016/j.bvth.2025.100059

Eng Soo Yap , Frits R. Rosendaal , Suzanne C. Cannegieter , L. J. J. Scheres

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Abstract

The risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is elevated in individuals with a history of venous thromboembolism (VTE). It is uncertain whether younger patients, aged ≤50 years, have an increased prevalence of potentially modifiable CVD risk factors, which could be targeted for prevention. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of potentially modifiable CVD risk factors (ie, overweight/obesity, smoking, alcohol use, physical inactivity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia) in persons aged ≤50 years with a history of VTE (cases) and compare with those without VTE (controls). Using data from the Multiple Environmental and Genetic Assessment of risk factors for venous thrombosis case-control study comprising 2627 case patients with first VTE and 1908 random digit dialing control patients, all aged ≤50 years, we estimated the prevalence of risk factors. Analyses were stratified by sex and were performed separately for unprovoked and provoked events. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and excessive alcohol intake was low and similar between case and control patients. The prevalence of overweight and obesity, sedentary behavior, and current smoking was higher in case than control patients. When stratified for sex, obesity was highest in women: 24.9% in case vs 9.9% in control patients. Sedentary behavior was more common in case patients than control patients: women, 57.8% vs 41.1%; and men, 48.7% vs 41.5%, respectively. In persons aged ≤50 years with recent VTE, the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and alcohol intake was similar to that of control patients from the general population, suggesting limited benefits from screening these factors in young patients with VTE. Weight reduction and smoking cessation strategies are key targets for CVD prevention.

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50岁以下静脉血栓栓塞患者心血管危险因素的患病率

摘要有静脉血栓栓塞（VTE）病史的个体发生心血管疾病（CVD）的风险增高。尚不确定年龄≤50岁的年轻患者是否具有潜在可改变的CVD危险因素的患病率增加，这可能是预防的目标。我们旨在评估年龄≤50岁且有静脉血栓栓塞病史（病例）的人群中潜在可改变的CVD危险因素（如超重/肥胖、吸烟、饮酒、缺乏运动、高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常）的患病率，并与无静脉血栓栓塞病史的人群（对照组）进行比较。使用静脉血栓形成危险因素的多重环境和遗传评估病例对照研究的数据，包括2627例首次静脉血栓形成患者和1908例随机数字拨号对照患者，年龄均≤50岁，我们估计了危险因素的患病率。分析按性别分层，并对非诱因和诱因事件分别进行。高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常和过量饮酒的患病率较低，与对照组相似。超重和肥胖、久坐行为和当前吸烟的患病率高于对照组。当按性别分层时，女性肥胖率最高：24.9%为病例，而对照组为9.9%。久坐行为在病例患者中比对照组更常见：女性，57.8%比41.1%；男性分别为48.7%和41.5%。在年龄≤50岁的静脉血栓栓塞患者中，高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常和酒精摄入的患病率与普通人群的对照患者相似，这表明在年轻静脉血栓栓塞患者中筛查这些因素的益处有限。减肥和戒烟策略是预防心血管疾病的关键目标。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Blood Vessels, Thrombosis & Hemostasis

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