Sven-Olaf Kuhn, Sebastian Gibb, Matthias Gründling
{"title":"The role of the Corsano CardioWatch in continuous vital sign monitoring for early sepsis detection","authors":"Sven-Olaf Kuhn, Sebastian Gibb, Matthias Gründling","doi":"10.1186/s13054-025-05365-z","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sepsis is a critical medical emergency frequently associated with significant organ failure and high mortality rates. Early detection is crucial, as delays in treatment substantially increase the risk of fatal outcomes with each passing hour. However, no specific molecular marker or definitive blood test for sepsis detection exists.</p><p>Early warning scores (EWS), such as the National Early Warning Score (NEWS), are widely used in hospitals to identify clinical deterioration. In general hospital wards, sepsis detection relies primarily on intermittent vital sign measurements, including heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and body temperature, with less frequent monitoring of oxygen saturation (SpO<sub>2</sub>) and respiratory rate (RR). However, these measurements are typically taken only a few times daily, creating a gap where early signs of deterioration may go unnoticed—especially at night or in outpatient settings.</p><p>A recent study demonstrated that an electronic alert system integrating qSOFA components, refreshing electronic medical records (EMRs) every four hours, significantly reduced 90-day in-hospital mortality [1]. This underscores the potential of continuous sepsis screening via biosensors as a valuable strategy for improving patient safety and reducing sepsis-related mortality.</p><h3>The emergence of wearable biosensors for sepsis detection</h3><p>Advancements in wearable and wireless sensors now allow real-time, continuous monitoring of vital signs. These cost-effective solutions enhance patient observation and facilitate early intervention by triggering alarms when physiological parameters indicate potential deterioration. However, ensuring high data quality, system interoperability, and intelligent alerting remains challenging.</p><p>Several wearable biosensors have shown promising results. Most available devices are still limited in how many parameters they can measure accurately. Additionally, many devices require adhesive electrodes on the chest or additional sensors for measuring temperature in the armpit or SpO<sub>2</sub> at the fingertip. These features often reduce patient comfort and adherence to continuous monitoring.</p><p>Biosensors must be minimally invasive and comfortable to wear for extended periods for optimal patient acceptance. Current wrist-worn biosensors offer a promising solution by providing high-quality data on vital parameters necessary for calculating the NEWS2 score, which the British NHS endorses as an improvement over the original NEWS. This score helps assess the severity of a patient's condition and ensures timely critical care interventions.</p><h3>Pilot study: feasibility of remote wireless monitoring</h3><p>In a pilot study, we assessed the feasibility of wireless remote monitoring in general hospital wards using a smart, cable-free wrist device (Corsano CardioWatch 287-2) designed for continuous vital sign measurement in long-term hospitalized patients (Fig. 1). The primary goal was to facilitate early detection of sepsis and improve patient outcomes through timely intervention.</p><figure><figcaption><b data-test=\"figure-caption-text\">Fig. 1</b></figcaption><picture><source srcset=\"//media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2Fs13054-025-05365-z/MediaObjects/13054_2025_5365_Fig1_HTML.png?as=webp\" type=\"image/webp\"/><img alt=\"figure 1\" aria-describedby=\"Fig1\" height=\"348\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"//media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2Fs13054-025-05365-z/MediaObjects/13054_2025_5365_Fig1_HTML.png\" width=\"685\"/></picture><p>Overview of continuous remote monitoring system using AI-enhanced NEWS2 for early sepsis detection</p><span>Full size image</span><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" role=\"img\" width=\"16\"><use xlink:href=\"#icon-eds-i-chevron-right-small\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"></use></svg></figure><p>The Corsano CardioWatch is a CE-marked medical device certified under EU MDR standards and cleared by FDA 510(k). It continuously measures pulse rate, heart rate variability (R-R intervals), ECG, SpO<sub>2</sub>, respiration rate, blood pressure, core body temperature, activity, and sleep. Data is transmitted wirelessly from the wristband to a smartphone, integrated into the hospital-wide Wi-Fi system, and stored in a secure health cloud for further analysis. Continuous blood pressure monitoring without a cuff was advantageous, improving patient compliance and ease of use.</p><p>Our study, which included 34 patients wearing the wristband for 14 days, demonstrated high comfort and adherence, with no reports of discomfort and only two cases of mild skin irritation associated with the silicone strap, both of which were resolved by switching to a fabric strap. Data transmission was seamless, with Bluetooth efficiently relaying information from the wristband to mobile devices and subsequently via Wi-Fi to the cloud. The quality of the recorded physiological data was consistently high, stable, and sufficiently detailed for detecting early signs of clinical deterioration, including sepsis-related changes. The system reliably captured and stored continuous measurements without significant data loss or signal degradation, underscoring its suitability for integration into automated early warning systems to enhance clinical decision-making and patient safety. Additionally, the device’s compatibility with remote inpatient, outpatient, and home care settings highlights its potential for broader clinical integration, offering a scalable and effective solution for long-term monitoring.</p><p>The Corsano CardioWatch wearable sensor offers a transformative approach to sepsis detection by enabling continuous, real-time monitoring of vital signs. Integrating these devices with early warning systems, such as NEWS2, can enhance the early identification of clinical deterioration, reduce hospital mortality, and improve overall patient management.</p><p>Despite data quality, interoperability, and intelligent alerting challenges, research and development in wearable technology continue to refine their clinical utility. Future studies should explore how AI-driven predictive models can enhance biosensor-based early warning systems, paving the way for a new era in patient safety and clinical care.</p><p>All data used and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.</p><dl><dt style=\"min-width:50px;\"><dfn>AI:</dfn></dt><dd>\n<p>Artificial Intelligence</p>\n</dd><dt style=\"min-width:50px;\"><dfn>EWS:</dfn></dt><dd>\n<p>Early Warning Score</p>\n</dd><dt style=\"min-width:50px;\"><dfn>NEWS:</dfn></dt><dd>\n<p>National Early Warning Score</p>\n</dd><dt style=\"min-width:50px;\"><dfn>HR:</dfn></dt><dd>\n<p>Heart Rate</p>\n</dd><dt style=\"min-width:50px;\"><dfn>BP:</dfn></dt><dd>\n<p>Blood Pressure</p>\n</dd><dt style=\"min-width:50px;\"><dfn>SpO<sub>2</sub> :</dfn></dt><dd>\n<p>Oxygen saturation</p>\n</dd><dt style=\"min-width:50px;\"><dfn>RR:</dfn></dt><dd>\n<p>Respiratory Rate</p>\n</dd><dt style=\"min-width:50px;\"><dfn>ECG:</dfn></dt><dd>\n<p>Electrocardiography</p>\n</dd><dt style=\"min-width:50px;\"><dfn>qSOFA:</dfn></dt><dd>\n<p>Quick-SOFA-score, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment</p>\n</dd><dt style=\"min-width:50px;\"><dfn>EMRs:</dfn></dt><dd>\n<p>Electronic Medical Records</p>\n</dd><dt style=\"min-width:50px;\"><dfn>CE:</dfn></dt><dd>\n<p>Conformité Européenne</p>\n</dd><dt style=\"min-width:50px;\"><dfn>EU MDR:</dfn></dt><dd>\n<p>European Medical Device Regulation</p>\n</dd></dl><ol data-track-component=\"outbound reference\" data-track-context=\"references section\"><li data-counter=\"1.\"><p>Arabi YM, Alsaawi A, Alzahrani M, et al. Electronic sepsis screening among patients admitted to hospital wards: a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial. JAMA. 2025;333(9):763–773. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.25982.</p></li></ol><p>Download references<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" role=\"img\" width=\"16\"><use xlink:href=\"#icon-eds-i-download-medium\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"></use></svg></p><p>We sincerely appreciate the support of Corsano Health B.V.: Casper van Eijk and Peter Stas. Corsano Health supplied the CardioWatch, the mobile phones and manages the cloud database.</p><p>Corsano Health supplied the CardioWatch, the mobile phones and manages the cloud database.</p><h3>Authors and Affiliations</h3><ol><li><p>Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Greifswald University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany</p><p>Sven-Olaf Kuhn, Sebastian Gibb & Matthias Gründling</p></li></ol><span>Authors</span><ol><li><span>Sven-Olaf Kuhn</span>View author publications<p><span>You can also search for this author in</span><span>PubMed<span> </span>Google Scholar</span></p></li><li><span>Sebastian Gibb</span>View author publications<p><span>You can also search for this author in</span><span>PubMed<span> </span>Google Scholar</span></p></li><li><span>Matthias Gründling</span>View author publications<p><span>You can also search for this author in</span><span>PubMed<span> </span>Google Scholar</span></p></li></ol><h3>Contributions</h3><p>SOK and MG wrote the main manuscript text and prepared Fig. 1. All authors reviewed the manuscript.</p><h3>Corresponding author</h3><p>Correspondence to Sven-Olaf Kuhn.</p><h3>Ethics approval and consent to participate</h3>\n<p>The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Greifswald University Hospital (BB 050/24). The patients provided their written informed consent to participate in this study.</p>\n<h3>Consent for publication</h3>\n<p>Not applicable.</p>\n<h3>Competing interests</h3>\n<p>The authors declare no competing interests.</p><h3>Publisher's Note</h3><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p><p><b>Open Access</b> This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.</p>\n<p>Reprints and permissions</p><img alt=\"Check for updates. 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The role of the Corsano CardioWatch in continuous vital sign monitoring for early sepsis detection. <i>Crit Care</i> <b>29</b>, 144 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-025-05365-z</p><p>Download citation<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" role=\"img\" width=\"16\"><use xlink:href=\"#icon-eds-i-download-medium\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"></use></svg></p><ul data-test=\"publication-history\"><li><p>Received<span>: </span><span><time datetime=\"2025-02-28\">28 February 2025</time></span></p></li><li><p>Accepted<span>: </span><span><time datetime=\"2025-03-09\">09 March 2025</time></span></p></li><li><p>Published<span>: </span><span><time datetime=\"2025-04-01\">01 April 2025</time></span></p></li><li><p>DOI</abbr><span>: </span><span>https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-025-05365-z</span></p></li></ul><h3>Share this article</h3><p>Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:</p><button data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"get shareable link\" data-track-external=\"\" data-track-label=\"button\" type=\"button\">Get shareable link</button><p>Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.</p><p data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"select share url\" data-track-label=\"button\"></p><button data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"copy share url\" data-track-external=\"\" data-track-label=\"button\" type=\"button\">Copy to clipboard</button><p> Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative </p>","PeriodicalId":10811,"journal":{"name":"Critical Care","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Critical Care","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-025-05365-z","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Sepsis is a critical medical emergency frequently associated with significant organ failure and high mortality rates. Early detection is crucial, as delays in treatment substantially increase the risk of fatal outcomes with each passing hour. However, no specific molecular marker or definitive blood test for sepsis detection exists.
Early warning scores (EWS), such as the National Early Warning Score (NEWS), are widely used in hospitals to identify clinical deterioration. In general hospital wards, sepsis detection relies primarily on intermittent vital sign measurements, including heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and body temperature, with less frequent monitoring of oxygen saturation (SpO2) and respiratory rate (RR). However, these measurements are typically taken only a few times daily, creating a gap where early signs of deterioration may go unnoticed—especially at night or in outpatient settings.
A recent study demonstrated that an electronic alert system integrating qSOFA components, refreshing electronic medical records (EMRs) every four hours, significantly reduced 90-day in-hospital mortality [1]. This underscores the potential of continuous sepsis screening via biosensors as a valuable strategy for improving patient safety and reducing sepsis-related mortality.
The emergence of wearable biosensors for sepsis detection
Advancements in wearable and wireless sensors now allow real-time, continuous monitoring of vital signs. These cost-effective solutions enhance patient observation and facilitate early intervention by triggering alarms when physiological parameters indicate potential deterioration. However, ensuring high data quality, system interoperability, and intelligent alerting remains challenging.
Several wearable biosensors have shown promising results. Most available devices are still limited in how many parameters they can measure accurately. Additionally, many devices require adhesive electrodes on the chest or additional sensors for measuring temperature in the armpit or SpO2 at the fingertip. These features often reduce patient comfort and adherence to continuous monitoring.
Biosensors must be minimally invasive and comfortable to wear for extended periods for optimal patient acceptance. Current wrist-worn biosensors offer a promising solution by providing high-quality data on vital parameters necessary for calculating the NEWS2 score, which the British NHS endorses as an improvement over the original NEWS. This score helps assess the severity of a patient's condition and ensures timely critical care interventions.
Pilot study: feasibility of remote wireless monitoring
In a pilot study, we assessed the feasibility of wireless remote monitoring in general hospital wards using a smart, cable-free wrist device (Corsano CardioWatch 287-2) designed for continuous vital sign measurement in long-term hospitalized patients (Fig. 1). The primary goal was to facilitate early detection of sepsis and improve patient outcomes through timely intervention.
Fig. 1
Overview of continuous remote monitoring system using AI-enhanced NEWS2 for early sepsis detection
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The Corsano CardioWatch is a CE-marked medical device certified under EU MDR standards and cleared by FDA 510(k). It continuously measures pulse rate, heart rate variability (R-R intervals), ECG, SpO2, respiration rate, blood pressure, core body temperature, activity, and sleep. Data is transmitted wirelessly from the wristband to a smartphone, integrated into the hospital-wide Wi-Fi system, and stored in a secure health cloud for further analysis. Continuous blood pressure monitoring without a cuff was advantageous, improving patient compliance and ease of use.
Our study, which included 34 patients wearing the wristband for 14 days, demonstrated high comfort and adherence, with no reports of discomfort and only two cases of mild skin irritation associated with the silicone strap, both of which were resolved by switching to a fabric strap. Data transmission was seamless, with Bluetooth efficiently relaying information from the wristband to mobile devices and subsequently via Wi-Fi to the cloud. The quality of the recorded physiological data was consistently high, stable, and sufficiently detailed for detecting early signs of clinical deterioration, including sepsis-related changes. The system reliably captured and stored continuous measurements without significant data loss or signal degradation, underscoring its suitability for integration into automated early warning systems to enhance clinical decision-making and patient safety. Additionally, the device’s compatibility with remote inpatient, outpatient, and home care settings highlights its potential for broader clinical integration, offering a scalable and effective solution for long-term monitoring.
The Corsano CardioWatch wearable sensor offers a transformative approach to sepsis detection by enabling continuous, real-time monitoring of vital signs. Integrating these devices with early warning systems, such as NEWS2, can enhance the early identification of clinical deterioration, reduce hospital mortality, and improve overall patient management.
Despite data quality, interoperability, and intelligent alerting challenges, research and development in wearable technology continue to refine their clinical utility. Future studies should explore how AI-driven predictive models can enhance biosensor-based early warning systems, paving the way for a new era in patient safety and clinical care.
All data used and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
AI:
Artificial Intelligence
EWS:
Early Warning Score
NEWS:
National Early Warning Score
HR:
Heart Rate
BP:
Blood Pressure
SpO2 :
Oxygen saturation
RR:
Respiratory Rate
ECG:
Electrocardiography
qSOFA:
Quick-SOFA-score, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment
EMRs:
Electronic Medical Records
CE:
Conformité Européenne
EU MDR:
European Medical Device Regulation
Arabi YM, Alsaawi A, Alzahrani M, et al. Electronic sepsis screening among patients admitted to hospital wards: a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial. JAMA. 2025;333(9):763–773. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.25982.
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We sincerely appreciate the support of Corsano Health B.V.: Casper van Eijk and Peter Stas. Corsano Health supplied the CardioWatch, the mobile phones and manages the cloud database.
Corsano Health supplied the CardioWatch, the mobile phones and manages the cloud database.
Authors and Affiliations
Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Greifswald University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
Sven-Olaf Kuhn, Sebastian Gibb & Matthias Gründling
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Sven-Olaf KuhnView author publications
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Contributions
SOK and MG wrote the main manuscript text and prepared Fig. 1. All authors reviewed the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Correspondence to Sven-Olaf Kuhn.
Ethics approval and consent to participate
The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Greifswald University Hospital (BB 050/24). The patients provided their written informed consent to participate in this study.
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Not applicable.
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
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Kuhn, SO., Gibb, S. & Gründling, M. The role of the Corsano CardioWatch in continuous vital sign monitoring for early sepsis detection. Crit Care29, 144 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-025-05365-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-025-05365-z
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