{"title":"Comprehensive elemental and carbon profiling of Punjab's soils: distribution patterns, pollution assessment, and source attribution.","authors":"Mahesh Tiwari, Tejas Rathod, Rahul Bhangare, Sanjay Kumar Sahu, Vandana Pulhani","doi":"10.1007/s10653-025-02460-6","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soil analysis is a critical tool for optimizing crop production, managing soil nutrients, preventing environmental degradation, and making informed decisions about land use and agricultural practices. This study focuses on optimizing the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) parameters for the analysis of 22 elements in soil samples collected from Punjab, India. The reported elements in the soil were classified into three categories based on their abundance: major (Al, Fe, K, Mg), minor (Ba, Mn, Zr, Rb, Ce, Sr, Cr, and V), and trace (Zn, Ni, Pb, Cu, As, Sc, Co, Br, Cs, U). Their occurrence in the soil samples is discussed. To assess the level of soil pollution with toxic elements and the anthropogenic input, the study calculated and discussed various indices, including the contamination factor, index of geoaccumulation, and pollution load index. The results indicate that As and Pb are the most contaminating elements in the soil based on the calculated pollution indices. The average pollution load index (PLI) value for soil samples collected from Punjab is 1.14, indicating slight pollution relative to the Earth's crust. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data indicated both natural and anthropogenic sources of elements in the soil from the study area.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 5","pages":"145"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11954847/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-025-02460-6","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Soil analysis is a critical tool for optimizing crop production, managing soil nutrients, preventing environmental degradation, and making informed decisions about land use and agricultural practices. This study focuses on optimizing the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) parameters for the analysis of 22 elements in soil samples collected from Punjab, India. The reported elements in the soil were classified into three categories based on their abundance: major (Al, Fe, K, Mg), minor (Ba, Mn, Zr, Rb, Ce, Sr, Cr, and V), and trace (Zn, Ni, Pb, Cu, As, Sc, Co, Br, Cs, U). Their occurrence in the soil samples is discussed. To assess the level of soil pollution with toxic elements and the anthropogenic input, the study calculated and discussed various indices, including the contamination factor, index of geoaccumulation, and pollution load index. The results indicate that As and Pb are the most contaminating elements in the soil based on the calculated pollution indices. The average pollution load index (PLI) value for soil samples collected from Punjab is 1.14, indicating slight pollution relative to the Earth's crust. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data indicated both natural and anthropogenic sources of elements in the soil from the study area.
期刊介绍：
Environmental Geochemistry and Health publishes original research papers and review papers across the broad field of environmental geochemistry. Environmental geochemistry and health establishes and explains links between the natural or disturbed chemical composition of the earth’s surface and the health of plants, animals and people.
Beneficial elements regulate or promote enzymatic and hormonal activity whereas other elements may be toxic. Bedrock geochemistry controls the composition of soil and hence that of water and vegetation. Environmental issues, such as pollution, arising from the extraction and use of mineral resources, are discussed. The effects of contaminants introduced into the earth’s geochemical systems are examined. Geochemical surveys of soil, water and plants show how major and trace elements are distributed geographically. Associated epidemiological studies reveal the possibility of causal links between the natural or disturbed geochemical environment and disease. Experimental research illuminates the nature or consequences of natural or disturbed geochemical processes.
The journal particularly welcomes novel research linking environmental geochemistry and health issues on such topics as: heavy metals (including mercury), persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and mixed chemicals emitted through human activities, such as uncontrolled recycling of electronic-waste; waste recycling; surface-atmospheric interaction processes (natural and anthropogenic emissions, vertical transport, deposition, and physical-chemical interaction) of gases and aerosols; phytoremediation/restoration of contaminated sites; food contamination and safety; environmental effects of medicines; effects and toxicity of mixed pollutants; speciation of heavy metals/metalloids; effects of mining; disturbed geochemistry from human behavior, natural or man-made hazards; particle and nanoparticle toxicology; risk and the vulnerability of populations, etc.
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
