Structural and biological characterization of high silica bioglass-chitosan composite coating on Ti6Al4V alloy

Abstract

Bioglass is recognized as an effective biomaterial for bone tissue regeneration due to its superior osteoconductivity and high resorption rate. This study aims to develop bioglass (BG) and chitosan (CH) composite coatings on titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) using the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique, targeting applications in orthopaedic and dental implants. Chitosan, a widely used natural polymer, is chosen for its biocompatibility and biodegradability. Various compositions of synthesized bioglass were blended with chitosan to create organic composite coatings. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized bioglass were examined using several characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-VIS spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).

Subsequently, the physical, mechanical, and biological properties of the developed composite coatings were evaluated. SEM analysis revealed that a homogeneous mixture of bioglass and chitosan (1 BG-CH) resulted in a crack-free microstructure on the coated surface. In contrast, higher bioglass concentrations led to increased surface cracking, negatively affecting the coating's integrity. XRD confirmed the presence of both bioglass and chitosan on the Ti6Al4V substrate. The coated samples exhibited hydrophilic properties, and bioactivity enhancement was observed due to the stimulation of calcium-phosphate/hydroxyapatite formation on the surface. Biological assays, including cell adhesion, cell proliferation, cell viability, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, demonstrated promising results for the 1 BG-CH composite. The findings indicate that the BG-CH composite coatings hold significant potential for enhancing bone tissue regeneration, presenting a promising avenue for future applications in dental screw implants.