Liting Cao , Xiangfeng Lv , Xinyue Li , Jiacheng Li
{"title":"Sensitivity Analysis of Factors that Induce Road Collapses Due to Drainage Pipe Leakage and Traffic Load","authors":"Liting Cao , Xiangfeng Lv , Xinyue Li , Jiacheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101554","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>At persent, quantitatively assessing the sensitivity of disaster-causing factors in road collapses remains challenging using conventional methodologies. This study establishes a physical model test system for road collapse to investigate the evolution of cavity buried depth, equivalent diameter, road settlement, soil stress/settlement, and drainage density/flow under various traffic loads. A deep-learning backbone is created that integrates a convolutional neural network (CNN), bidirectional short-term memory (BiLSTM), attention mechanisms, and the Sobol method (CBAS). This model is applied to three functional units, including data generation, settlement prediction, and sensitivity analysis. The findings show that the buried depth of a cavity decreases exponentially over time, whereas the equivalent diameter of the cavity follows a power-law increase. The drainage density and flow demonstrate fluctuating characteristics, whereas the abrupt increase in soil settlement exhibits a “time lag” effect relative to the sudden surge in soil stress. Notably, the buried depth and equivalent diameter of the cavity are highly sensitive to road settlement, whereas the sensitivity of soil settlement to road settlement varies. By contrast, the sensitivities of soil stress, drainage density, and drainage flow to road settlement are relatively weak. The validity of the CNN–BiLSTM–ATTENTION backbone was verified using root mean square error, mean absolute percentage error, and mean absolute percentage error performance metrics. The CBAS’ sensitivity analysis results were validated using the extended Fourier amplitude sensitivity test. The study findings provide valuable insights for monitoring and early warning of road collapses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101554"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Transportation Geotechnics","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221439122500073X","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, CIVIL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
At persent, quantitatively assessing the sensitivity of disaster-causing factors in road collapses remains challenging using conventional methodologies. This study establishes a physical model test system for road collapse to investigate the evolution of cavity buried depth, equivalent diameter, road settlement, soil stress/settlement, and drainage density/flow under various traffic loads. A deep-learning backbone is created that integrates a convolutional neural network (CNN), bidirectional short-term memory (BiLSTM), attention mechanisms, and the Sobol method (CBAS). This model is applied to three functional units, including data generation, settlement prediction, and sensitivity analysis. The findings show that the buried depth of a cavity decreases exponentially over time, whereas the equivalent diameter of the cavity follows a power-law increase. The drainage density and flow demonstrate fluctuating characteristics, whereas the abrupt increase in soil settlement exhibits a “time lag” effect relative to the sudden surge in soil stress. Notably, the buried depth and equivalent diameter of the cavity are highly sensitive to road settlement, whereas the sensitivity of soil settlement to road settlement varies. By contrast, the sensitivities of soil stress, drainage density, and drainage flow to road settlement are relatively weak. The validity of the CNN–BiLSTM–ATTENTION backbone was verified using root mean square error, mean absolute percentage error, and mean absolute percentage error performance metrics. The CBAS’ sensitivity analysis results were validated using the extended Fourier amplitude sensitivity test. The study findings provide valuable insights for monitoring and early warning of road collapses.
期刊介绍:
Transportation Geotechnics is a journal dedicated to publishing high-quality, theoretical, and applied papers that cover all facets of geotechnics for transportation infrastructure such as roads, highways, railways, underground railways, airfields, and waterways. The journal places a special emphasis on case studies that present original work relevant to the sustainable construction of transportation infrastructure. The scope of topics it addresses includes the geotechnical properties of geomaterials for sustainable and rational design and construction, the behavior of compacted and stabilized geomaterials, the use of geosynthetics and reinforcement in constructed layers and interlayers, ground improvement and slope stability for transportation infrastructures, compaction technology and management, maintenance technology, the impact of climate, embankments for highways and high-speed trains, transition zones, dredging, underwater geotechnics for infrastructure purposes, and the modeling of multi-layered structures and supporting ground under dynamic and repeated loads.