Provider-Led Interventions to Reduce Congenital Cytomegalovirus.

Erin Trisko, Kayla Gosnell, Taneesha Douglas, Katrina Wu
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Abstract

Introduction: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection immediately before or during pregnancy can infect a fetus transplacentally, causing congenital CMV (cCMV). cCMV can cause miscarriage, stillbirth, growth restriction, neurodevelopmental delay, hearing, and vision impairment. This integrative review examined original research to better inform health care providers on methods for reducing cCMV infections.

Methods: Database searching to identify original research pertaining to cCMV prevention in CINAHL, PubMed, and Nursing and Allied Health in January 2024 produced an initial 417 initial studies. Final extraction included 34 studies that met inclusion criteria for analysis.

Results: Three relevant themes emerged: education, screening, and treatment. Messaging and education focused on risk reduction as most effective for behavioral changes. Maternal screening did not predict cCMV in low-risk women; however, it did diagnose early-stage maternal infections. Initiation of treatment closer to infection diagnosis demonstrated better outcomes. The 2 main treatment options for maternal infection were valacyclovir 8 g daily orally and CMV-hyperimmunoglobulin (HIG) 100 or 200 units per kilogram via intravenous (IV) infusion at varying frequency. Research on the efficacy of valacyclovir showed reductions in the incidence of cCMV without adverse maternal effects. Reduction in neonatal transmission and adverse sequelae were more likely with the 200 units per kilogram dosing of IV administration of HIG-CMV compared with the lower dose of 100 units per kilogram.

Discussion: cCMV is often overlooked and untreated. Education in a variety of formats is effective at increasing provider knowledge and reducing infection rates by influencing maternal behavior. Screening recommendations are inconsistent but can be used as a tool to identify those pregnant individuals at highest risk, which could facilitate early diagnosis and prompt treatment. Maternal administration of medications such as valacyclovir and HIG-CMV have been shown to reduce the incidence of cCMV. Treatment options for CMV infection in pregnancy and resources for patient education are available and can reduce transmission to the neonate.

提供者主导的干预措施减少先天性巨细胞病毒。
导语:巨细胞病毒(CMV)在妊娠前或妊娠期间感染可经胎盘感染胎儿,引起先天性巨细胞病毒(cCMV)。cCMV可导致流产、死产、生长受限、神经发育迟缓、听力和视力损害。本综合综述检查了原始研究,以更好地告知卫生保健提供者减少cCMV感染的方法。方法:检索数据库以确定2024年1月在CINAHL、PubMed和护理与联合健康中有关cCMV预防的原始研究,产生了最初的417项初步研究。最终提取符合纳入标准的34项研究进行分析。结果:出现了三个相关主题:教育、筛查和治疗。信息和教育的重点是减少风险,这是行为改变的最有效方法。产妇筛查不能预测低危妇女的cCMV;然而,它确实诊断出了早期母体感染。在更接近感染诊断时开始治疗显示出更好的结果。母体感染的两种主要治疗方案是每日口服瓦昔洛韦8g和不同频率静脉输注巨细胞病毒高免疫球蛋白(HIG)每公斤100或200单位。对valacyclovir疗效的研究表明,cCMV发病率降低,且对母体无不良影响。与每公斤100单位的较低剂量相比,每公斤200单位的静脉给药更有可能减少新生儿传播和不良后遗症。讨论:cCMV经常被忽视和未经治疗。通过影响产妇行为,各种形式的教育在增加提供者知识和降低感染率方面是有效的。筛查建议不一致,但可作为识别风险最高的孕妇个体的工具,有助于早期诊断和及时治疗。孕妇服用药物如valacyclovir和high - cmv已被证明可以降低cCMV的发生率。妊娠期巨细胞病毒感染的治疗方案和患者教育资源是可用的,可以减少传播给新生儿。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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