Metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses reveal the complex molecular mechanisms by which the hypothalamus regulates sexual development in female goats.
IF 3.5 2区 生物学Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
Qing Li, Tianle Chao, Yanyan Wang, Peipei He, Lu Zhang, Jianmin Wang
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: The hypothalamus is a critical organ that regulates sexual development in animals. However, current research on the hypothalamic regulation of sexual maturation in female goats remains limited. In this study, we conducted metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses on the hypothalamic tissues of female Jining grey goats at different stages of sexual development (1 day old (neonatal, D1, n = 5), 2 months old (prepuberty, M2, n = 5), 4 months old (sexual maturity, M4, n = 5), and 6 months old (breeding period, M6, n = 5)).
Results: A total of 418 differential metabolites (DAMs) were identified in this study, among which the abundance of metabolites such as anserine, L-histidine, carnosine, taurine, and 4-aminobutyric gradually increased with the progression of sexual development. These metabolites may regulate neuronal development and hormone secretion processes by influencing the metabolism of histidine and phenylalanine. Through combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, we identified that differentially expressed genes such as mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 9 (MAP3K9), prune homolog 2 with BCH domain (PRUNE2), and potassium voltage-gated channel interacting protein 4(KCNIP4) may jointly regulate the development and energy metabolism of hypothalamic Gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in conjunction with DAMs, including LPC22:5, 2-Arachidonyl Glycerol ether, LPE22:5, and Lysops22:5. Additionally, we elucidated the molecular mechanism through which glutathione metabolism regulates sexual maturation in goats.
Conclusions: In summary, this study illustrates the dynamic changes in metabolites and mRNA within hypothalamic tissue during postnatal sexual maturation in female Jining grey goats. This research may provide significant scientific insights for future animal breeding.
背景:下丘脑是调节动物性发育的重要器官。然而,目前关于下丘脑对雌性山羊性成熟的调控研究仍然有限。本研究对不同性发育阶段(1日龄(新生期,D1, n = 5)、2月龄(青春期前,M2, n = 5)、4月龄(性成熟期,M4, n = 5)、6月龄(繁育期,M6, n = 5)的雌性济宁灰山羊下丘脑组织进行了代谢组学和转录组学分析。结果:本研究共鉴定出418种差异代谢物(DAMs),其中雁胺、l -组氨酸、肌肽、牛磺酸、4-氨基丁酸等代谢物的丰度随着性发育的进展而逐渐增加。这些代谢物可能通过影响组氨酸和苯丙氨酸的代谢来调节神经元发育和激素分泌过程。通过转录组学和代谢组学的联合分析,我们发现丝裂原活化蛋白激酶激酶激酶9 (MAP3K9)、BCH结构域李子同源物2 (PRUNE2)和钾电压门控通道相互作用蛋白4(KCNIP4)等差异表达基因可能与DAMs一起共同调节下丘脑促性腺激素释放激素神经元的发育和能量代谢,包括LPC22:5、2-花生四烯酰基甘油醚、LPE22:5和Lysops22:5。此外,我们还阐明了谷胱甘肽代谢调节山羊性成熟的分子机制。结论:综上所述,本研究揭示了雌性济宁灰山羊产后性成熟过程中下丘脑组织代谢产物和mRNA的动态变化。这项研究可能为未来的动物育种提供重要的科学见解。
期刊介绍:
BMC Genomics is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that considers articles on all aspects of genome-scale analysis, functional genomics, and proteomics.
BMC Genomics is part of the BMC series which publishes subject-specific journals focused on the needs of individual research communities across all areas of biology and medicine. We offer an efficient, fair and friendly peer review service, and are committed to publishing all sound science, provided that there is some advance in knowledge presented by the work.