Cultivar mixtures increase stability and productivity over time through asynchrony and complementarity

IF 6.4 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY
Ye Su, Wei-Ping Zhang, Jian-Hua Zhao, Jian-Hao Sun, Hao-Fei Zheng, Ragan M. Callaway, Long Li
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Abstract

Crop cultivar mixtures commonly increase productivity in the short term and stabilize or enhance productivity in the long term. However, these effects can be highly variable, likely due to limited research that has experimentally addressed intraspecific diverse effects over time and simultaneously explored their underlying mechanisms. We explored the effects of cultivar mixtures on the temporal yield stability and crop productivity trends in a 7-year (2016–2022) field experiment with maize in Northwest China. Further, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the enhanced productivity and temporal stability, which may be attributed to complementarity effects and asynchrony derived from functional trait dissimilarity among the maize cultivars in the mixtures. Across all cultivar mixtures over the 7 years, grain yield and aboveground biomass increased by 5.6% and 3.6%, respectively, compared to the monocultures. To investigate changes in temporal yield stability over the 7 years, we calculated stability using 3-year rolling windows. Our results showed that temporal yield stability in cultivar mixtures increased during the later years (2019–2022), compared to the monocultures. Over the 7 years, grain yield and aboveground biomass outperformed monocultures by 35% and 38%, respectively, compared to the first year. Complementarity effects were strong and increased over time. The mean values of functional traits changed in response to mixtures, leading to plant height and ear height traits correlating positively with complementarity effects, which were correlated with temporal yield stability. Asynchrony, or variation in the responses of cultivars to environmental fluctuations, was negatively correlated with the temporal deviation in yield. These results, for the first time, indicated that large differences in mean trait values among cultivars, or those that express dynamic trait responses to diversity, can increase complementarity effects and asynchrony, producing more productive and stable crops. This increases our understanding of how intraspecific diversity might contribute to sustainable agroecosystems.

随着时间的推移,品种杂交通过不同步和互补性增加了稳定性和生产力
作物品种混合通常在短期内提高生产力,并在长期内稳定或提高生产力。然而,这些影响可能是高度可变的,可能是由于有限的研究,实验性地解决了种内不同的影响,同时探索了它们的潜在机制。通过2016-2022年在西北地区进行的7年玉米田间试验,探讨了不同品种杂交对玉米产量稳定性和产量趋势的影响。此外,我们还研究了杂交玉米产量和时间稳定性提高的机制,这可能是由于杂交玉米品种间功能性状差异所产生的互补效应和异步性。混合栽培7年间,籽粒产量和地上生物量分别比单一栽培提高了5.6%和3.6%。为了研究7年时间内产量稳定性的变化,我们使用3年滚动窗计算稳定性。研究结果表明,与单一栽培相比,混合栽培的产量稳定性在后期(2019-2022年)有所提高。与第一年相比,7年的粮食产量和地上生物量分别比单一栽培高35%和38%。互补性效应很强,并且随着时间的推移而增强。各功能性状的均值随配种而变化,株高和穗高性状与互补效应正相关,且互补效应与产量的时间稳定性相关。品种对环境波动反应的不同步或变异与产量的时间偏差呈负相关。这些结果首次表明,品种间平均性状值的较大差异,或那些对多样性表达动态性状响应的品种,可以增加互补效应和非同步性,从而生产出更高产、更稳定的作物。这增加了我们对种内多样性如何有助于可持续农业生态系统的理解。
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来源期刊
Agronomy for Sustainable Development
Agronomy for Sustainable Development 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
10.70
自引率
8.20%
发文量
108
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Agronomy for Sustainable Development (ASD) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of international scope, dedicated to publishing original research articles, review articles, and meta-analyses aimed at improving sustainability in agricultural and food systems. The journal serves as a bridge between agronomy, cropping, and farming system research and various other disciplines including ecology, genetics, economics, and social sciences. ASD encourages studies in agroecology, participatory research, and interdisciplinary approaches, with a focus on systems thinking applied at different scales from field to global levels. Research articles published in ASD should present significant scientific advancements compared to existing knowledge, within an international context. Review articles should critically evaluate emerging topics, and opinion papers may also be submitted as reviews. Meta-analysis articles should provide clear contributions to resolving widely debated scientific questions.
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