Beyond Conventional Antifungals: Combating Resistance Through Novel Therapeutic Pathways.

IF 4.3 3区医学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Pharmaceuticals Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI:10.3390/ph18030364

Helal F Hetta, Tameem Melhem, Hashim M Aljohani, Ayman Salama, Rehab Ahmed, Hassabelrasoul Elfadil, Fawaz E Alanazi, Yasmin N Ramadan, Basem Battah, Michelangelo Rottura, Matthew Gavino Donadu

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The rising burden of fungal infections presents a significant challenge to global healthcare, particularly with increasing antifungal resistance limiting treatment efficacy. Early detection and timely intervention remain critical, yet fungal pathogens employ diverse mechanisms to evade host immunity and develop resistance, undermining existing therapeutic options. Limited antifungal options and rising resistance necessitate novel treatment strategies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of conventional antifungal agents, their mechanisms of action, and emerging resistance pathways. Furthermore, it highlights recently approved and investigational antifungal compounds while evaluating innovative approaches such as nanotechnology, drug repurposing, and immunotherapy. Addressing antifungal resistance requires a multifaceted strategy that integrates novel therapeutics, enhanced diagnostic tools, and future research efforts to develop sustainable and effective treatment solutions.

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来源期刊

Pharmaceuticals Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics-Pharmaceutical Science

CiteScore

6.10

自引率

4.30%

发文量

1332

审稿时长

6 weeks

期刊介绍： Pharmaceuticals (ISSN 1424-8247) is an international scientific journal of medicinal chemistry and related drug sciences.Our aim is to publish updated reviews as well as research articles with comprehensive theoretical and experimental details. Short communications are also accepted; therefore, there is no restriction on the maximum length of the papers.