Gallium-Labeled PET Radiopharmaceuticals in Cardiovascular Disease.

Abstract

Gallium-labeled positron emission tomography (PET) probes targeting activated fibroblasts or somatostatin receptor expression are frequently used for varying applications in oncology. With the widespread availability of ⁶⁸Ge/⁶⁸Ga generators and cold kits, ⁶⁸Ga tracers have become a main tool in molecular imaging. These tracers, such as [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-DOTA-TATE, [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-FAPI, and [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-pentixafor, allow targeted imaging of the key pathological processes, including inflammation, fibrosis, and necrosis. This review highlights their potential in conditions like myocardial infarction, cardiac sarcoidosis, myocarditis, and other cardiomyopathies. Clinical and preclinical studies underscore their utility in visualizing active disease processes, predicting outcomes, and guiding therapeutic strategies. However, challenges remain, including the need for standardization, larger clinical trials, and integration into routine practice. These advancements position ⁶⁸Ga-based PET as a promising modality for enhancing diagnostic precision and personalized treatment in cardiovascular disease.