Overview of the emerging role of chatbots, including large language models, in supporting tobacco smoking and vaping cessation: a narrative review

Abstract

Despite a global decline in tobacco use, smoking remains a leading cause of preventable death, with rising vaping rates among adolescents and young adults further complicating nicotine cessation efforts. Digital interventions, particularly chatbots, have gained attention for their potential to support tobacco and vaping cessation by simulating human-like conversations and providing instant feedback. However, evidence of their effectiveness is limited. The emergence of generative artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots, such as ChatGPT, offers a promising avenue for more personalised and effective cessation support. This article reviews existing literature on traditional chatbot interventions for cessation services, explores the potential of AI chatbots, namely ChatGPT, in continuing to support tobacco and vaping cessation efforts, and identifies areas for future research. It highlights the need to further monitor the reliability and accuracy of AI-generated content and to develop frameworks ensuring healthcare professionals receive adequate training in using these new tools effectively to support patients in quitting smoking and/or vaping.